Epidemiology of cervical cancer development- a hospital based study
Keywords:
Cervical Cancer, High Risk, Human Papilloma Virus, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Immunomodulation
Abstract
Introduction: The present study is an attempt to detect Human papilloma virus infection and immunomodulation status in the development of carcinoma cervix.
Methods: Cervical cancer cases were enrolled in between Jan’ 2010 to Dec’ 2012. Cervical tissue biopsies from the both the cancerous region as well as the non cancerous control area of the cervix, and whole blood (3ml) were collected from all the study subjects. The tissue samples were collected either in PBS or RNA later solution in vials and stored in -80°C or liquid nitrogen till further use. Whole blood (2ml) was also collected from age matched voluntary female community controls (n=50), the plasma was separated, and stored at -20°C for cytokine analysis. Extracted DNA was then checked for presence of HPV DNA by PCR amplification method using MY09/11 primer. Th1 (IL-12) and Th2 (IL-10) were analysed both at protein as well as cervical tissue level.
Results: The study showed 83.33% cases found to be HPV positive in cancerous area as well as in non cancerous area. There were other significant risk factor association of cervical cancer with early marriage in 70.36% and high parity 87% of cases. There is alteration of Th1 and Th2 ratio indicating immunomodulation plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer.
Conclusion: The human papilloma virus infections are the major contributing factor as well as immunomodulation plays a major role in the development of cervical cancer in our region.
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References
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2. Parkin DM, Ohshima H, Srivatanakul P, Vatanasapt V.Cholangiocarcinoma: epidemiology, mechanisms of carcinogenesis and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1993 2(6):537-44. [PubMed]
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7. Raychaudhuri S, Mandal S. Current status of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and screening for cervical cancer in countries at different levels of development. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4221-7. [PubMed]
8. Debabrata Das, Avdhesh Kumar Rai, Amal Chandra Kataki, et al. Nested Multiplex PCR Based Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Carcinoma Patients of North- East India. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 2013; 14 (2): 785-790.
9. Benjamin E. Greer; Wui-Jin Koh; Nadeem R. et al. Cervical cancer: Clinical practice guidelines in oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. JNCCN Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2010;8(12):1388-1416. [PubMed]
10. Chopra R. The Indian scene. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Sep 15;19(18 Suppl):106S-111S. [PubMed]
11. Castellsagué X. Natural history and epidemiology of HPV infection and cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2008 Sep;110(3 Suppl 2):S4-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.07.045. [PubMed]
12. Boyd, J.T., Doll, R. A Study of the Aetiology of Carcinoma of Cervix Uteri. Br J Cancer.1964; 18(3):419–434. [PubMed]
13. Biswas LN, Manna B, Maiti PK, Sengupta S. Sexual risk factors for cervical cancer among rural Indian women: a case-control study. Int. J. Epidemiol 1997; 26 (3): 491-495. doi: 10.1093/ije/26.3.491. [PubMed]
14. Castellsagué X, Bosch FX, Muñoz N .The male role in cervical cancer. Salud Publica Mex. 2003; 45 (3):345-53. [PubMed]
15. Louie KS, de Sanjose S, Mayaud P. Epidemiology and prevention of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review. Trop Med Int Health. 2009 Oct; 14(10):1287-302. [PubMed]
16. Paul Satya B, Tiwary Basant K, Choudhury Arun Paul. Studies on the Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer in Southern Assam. Assam University Journal of Science & Technology .Biological and Environmental Sciences. 2011; 7(1):36-42.
17. Savita Malik. The Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer in Women in India. March, 2005. Epidemiology HED 825.
18. Juneja A, Sehgal A, Mitra AB, Pandey A. A survey on risk factors associated with cervical cancer. Indian J Cancer. 2003 Jan-Mar;40(1):15-22. [PubMed]
19. Wynder, E.L., Cornfield, G., Schroff, P.D, Doraiswami, K.R. Study of environmental factors in carcinoma of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynaeco, 1954; 68(4):1016-1047. [PubMed]
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22. Bais AG, Beckmann I, Lindemans J, et al. A shift to a peripheral Th2-type cytokine pattern during the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer becomes manifest in CIN III lesions. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2005; 58(10):1096–1100.
23. Clerici M, Merola M, Ferrario E, et al. Cytokine production patterns in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: association with human papillomavirus infection. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997; 89:245–50.
24. Clerici M, Shearer GM, Clerici E. Cytokine dysregulation in invasive cervical carcinoma and other human neoplasias: time to consider the TH1/TH2 paradigm. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Feb 18;90(4):261-3.
25. Zhu X, Jin L, Zou S, Shen Q, Jiang W, Lin W, Zhu X. Immunohistochemical expression of RAGE and its ligand (S100A9) in cervical lesions. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2013 Jul;66(3):843-50. doi: 10.1007/s12013-013-9515-x. [PubMed]
26. Mosmann TR, Coffman RL. Two types of mouse helper T-cell clone Implications for immune regulation. Immunol Today. 1987;8(7-8):223-7. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(87)90171-X. [PubMed]
27. Giannini SL, Al-Saleh W, Piron H, Jacobs N, Doyen J, Boniver J, Delvenne P. Cytokine expression in squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix: implications for the generation of local immunosuppression. Clin Exp Immunol. 1998 Aug;113(2):183-9.
28. Mota F, Rayment N, Chong S, Singer A, Chain B. The antigen-presenting environment in normal and human papillomavirus (HPV)-related premalignant cervical epithelium. Clin Exp Immunol. 1999 Apr;116(1):33-40.
29. Mindiola R, Caulejas D, Núñez-Troconis J, Araujo M, Delgado M, Mosquera J. Increased number of IL-2, IL-2 receptor and IL-10 positive cells in premalignant lesions of the cervix. Invest Clin. 2008 Dec;49(4):533-45. [PubMed]
30. Jacobs N, Giannini SL, Doyen J, Baptista A, Moutschen M, Boniver J, Delvenne P. Inverse modulation of IL-10 and IL-12 in the blood of women with preneoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. Clin Exp Immunol. 1998 Jan;111(1):219-24. [PubMed]
31. Vidal AC, Skaar D, Maguire R et al . IL-10, IL-15, IL-17, and GMCSF levels in cervical cancer tissue of Tanzanian women infected with HPV16/18 vs. non-HPV16/18 genotypes. Infect Agent Cancer. 2015 Mar 20;10:10. doi: 10.1186/s13027-015-0005-1. eCollection 2015. [PubMed]
32. Chen Z, Ding J, Pang N, Du R, Meng W, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Ma C, Ding Y. The Th17/Treg balance and the expression of related cytokines in Uygur cervical cancer patients. Diagn Pathol. 2013 Apr 15;8:61. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-61. [PubMed]
33. de Gruijl TD, Bontkes HJ, Walboomers JM, Coursaget P, Stukart MJ, Dupuy C, Kueter E, Verheijen RH, Helmerhorst TJ, Duggan-Keen MF, Stern PL, , Meijer CJ, Scheper RJ. Immune responses against human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 virus-like particles in a cohort study of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. I. Differential T-helper and IgG responses in relation to HPV infection and disease outcome. J Gen Virol. 1999 Feb; 80 (Pt 2):399-408.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i8.153
Published: 2015-09-30
How to Cite
1.
Ray Das C, Bose S, Deka M, Tiwari D, Deka Bose P, Ch Das G. Epidemiology of cervical cancer development- a hospital based study. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2015Sep.30 [cited 2024Nov.8];3(8):815-2. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/328
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Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
