International Journal of Medical Research and Review

Pattern of Parental Handling in Children with Emotional and Behavioural Disorders - A Cross Sectional Study

2023-05-21T17:32:54+00:00

Abstract

The role of biological and social parents in shaping the mental and physical health of a child has been well-documented. Researchers over the years have developed typologies that categorize parental behaviour into prototypes and also examined their influence on the developmental outcome. Parenting styles are often considered a characteristic of the parent which is independent of the characteristics of the developing child while parenting behaviour is considered bidirectional and influenced by early childhood or infant behaviour. An overwhelming body of evidence indicates the close relationship between parenting and childhood behaviour, as well as on the effect of various modifying factors including physiology, parental mental health, cultural differences, ethinicity, and societal factors. Cross-cultural studies in the field have so far been limited largely to developed countries even as the subject is highly relevant to developing economies with their over-stretched mental healthcare systems. The objectives of this study is to determine patterns of parental handling in children with emotional and behavioural disorders consulting the child & adolescent psychiatry clinic in a tertiary care centre, and to determine the correlation of parental handling patterns to the child’s behavioural and emotional symptoms. The present study endeavours to determine the parenting pattern among parents of children utilizing psychiatric services at a tertiary care centre in Kerala, South India.

Randomized, Standard Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Habb-e-Waja‘al-Mafāṣil in Managing Cervical Spondylosis

2023-04-16T01:11:39+00:00

Background and Objectives

Cervical Spondylosis is a degenerative disease of intervertebral discs and adjacent vertebral bodies of the cervical region due to wear and tear changes. Neck pain, with radiculopathy, and stiffness comprises the prime features of cervical spondylosis demanding the immediate attention and respite. Despite the advancement in pharmacological, nonpharmacological and surgical interventions, the management remains unsatisfactory due to high cost, adverse effects and unusual eventualities. Hence a clinical trial was done to evaluate the efficacy of herbal formulation, Habb-e-Waja‘al-Mafāṣil (HWM), in managing cervical spondylosis (Waja‘al-‘Unuq).

Methods

The study is an open-labeled, randomized and standard controlled trial. Sixty diagnosed patients of age group 20 to 70 years were randomly allocated, using a computer generated chart, in test group (n=30) receiving HWM (3gm), and the control group (n=30) receiving ibuprofen 1200mg/day, orally in divided doses. The severity score of clinical symptoms and signs; pain, stiffness, swelling, restriction of movement and radiological findings were analyzed at baseline and at 30 days.

Results

Both HWM and ibuprofen significantly reduced the severity score of pain, stiffness, swelling, and restriction of movement (p=<0.001) associated with cervical spondylosis after completion of treatment protocol. However, no change was observed in radiological findings in either group (p=1). Comparison to control group no significant result was noticed in test group statistically (p=>0.05), except for “restriction of movement” (p=<0.05).

Conclusion

The herbal formulation, HWM, is equally effective to conventional treatment in managing cervical spondylosis. Therefore, HWM can be prescribed as safe and cost effective alternative treatment for cervical spondylosis.

Monitoring And Evaluation Of Adverse Drug Reaction In Emergency Medicine Department

2023-04-18T23:35:54+00:00

Background: Any deviation from the intended beneficial effect of a medication results in a drug related problem. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are negative consequences of drug therapy. It is the fourth to sixth leading cause of mortality in the United States of America.

Aims: To find out the proportion of medical emergency admissions that are secondary to Adverse Drug Reactions(ADRs).

Settings and Designs: An observational, prospective study conducted at the Emergency Medicine Department, at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital for 12 months, daily from 9 am to 5pm.

Materials and Methods: Patients aged ≥ 18, who have given a written informed consent were included and patients not able to give willing consent and women presented with pregnancy were excluded in the study. The data was recorded in the case record form, The causality assessment was performed using WHO causality assessment scale. To determine the ADR severity, Modified Hartwig and Siegel scalewas used.

Statistical Analysis: The statistical evaluation was done with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 manufactured by IBM (demo version) and Microsoft Excel 2016. p< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: Elderly patients were having higher incidence of ADRs. Among all drug groups, the highest incidence were antimicrobials and drugs acting on blood. Majority patients either recovered or were in a recovering phase. Most of the ADRs were not preventable.

Conclusions: Reporting of ADRs in a systematic way allows appropriate analysis and intervention which will improve the patient’s safety. Many ADRs could be preventable by avoiding certain drug/drug combinations, hospitalization, dose dependent side effects, appropriate individual dosing and applying the Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme.

Keywords: Adverse Drug Reactions(ADRs), Antimicrobials, Emergency Medicine Department

Effectiveness of an information booklet on Prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in terms of knowledge among female school teachers in selected secondary schools in Mairang Town, Meghalaya State

2023-05-18T13:04:51+00:00

Introduction: A pre-experimental study was undertaken with one group pretest posttest design to find the effectiveness of Information booklet on knowledge of female school teachers regarding prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in selected secondary schools, Mairang Town, Meghalaya State. Objectives: The main objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of female school teachers on prevention and early detection of cervical cancer before and after administering the information booklet and to evaluate the effectiveness of information booklet on prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in terms of gain in knowledge. Material and Methods: The conceptual frame work adopted for the study was based on Health Belief Model. The sample size is 30, non-probability purposive sampling is the sampling technique adopted. The data was collected by using the structured knowledge questionnaire. Result: The findings of the study revealed that the mean posttest knowledge scores (23.17) of the teachers was higher than the pretest knowledge scores (12.83). The obtained mean difference was found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance, as evident from calculated ‘t’₍₂₉₎= 20.09, there by indicating the effectiveness of the information booklet regarding prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. Conclusion : The information Booklet on prevention and early detection of cervical cancer was effective for increasing the knowledge