International Journal of Medical Research and Review

Clinical and histopathological profile of patients with exudative pleural effusion of unknown cause who undergo medical thoracoscopy

venkata suneel kumar jasti, A Fathahudeen — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Background: Exudative lymphocytic effusions form a significant proportion of undiagnosed pleural pathologies. This study explores the clinical and histopathological profile of exudative pleural effusion of unknown cause who undergo medical thoracoscopy.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 37 patients with exudative pleural effusion. Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis was conducted and samples were sent for pleural fluid cytology. Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy was kept as the gold standard.

Results: A total of 37 patients were included in the study. 14 (37.83%) were smokers. 19 (51.35%) were exposed to firewood smoke. Only 1 participant (2.7%) reported exposure to passive smoke.5 patients had STEMI/ recent CABG in the last 1 year.1 participant reported a history of Ayurvedic drug intake. There was no asbestos occupational exposure in any of our subjects but 5 of our subjects had mesothelioma. It can be related to an indirect exposure which is absent due to a recall bias. 2 participants reported a history of recent trauma or RTA, but it was unrelated to the final diagnosis. Histopathological profile showed adenocarcinoma in 19(51.35%), tuberculosis in 7(18.9%).Thoracoscopy pleural findings include nodules in 26(70.27%).

Conclusion: Our study concluded that pleural nodules on thoracoscopy were suggestive of malignant aetiology with good cytology yield. Pleural metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma has a good yield of cytology and is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusions that underwent medical thoracoscopy.

Individualized Homoeopathic Medicines Alleviated the Recurrent Epistaxis in Identical Twins with Severe von Willebrand Disease and Haemophilia A: A Duo Case Report.

Omkar Kumat, Tapas Kundu, Prapti Kalda, Chandrakant Aswar — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Background: von Willebrand Disease (vWD) is an inherited genetic bleeding disorder that prevents the blood from clotting. Prevalence of vWD is estimated to be approximately 1% of the population (or 10,000 cases per million population). The vWF binds and stabilizes blood clotting factor (FVIII) in circulation and therefore it helps in clot formation.

Case Profiles: This duo case report is the classical example of association of vWD with haemophilia A in identical twins, where both the patients shared the same disease pattern and manifestations like recurrent epistaxis & ecchymotic patches. But when it came to homoeopathic prescription both of them were prescribed 2 different constitutional medicines on the basis of their behavior, constitution, etc.

Result & Discussion: ISTH-BAT (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis-Bleeding Assessment Tool) scale was used to measure the frequency of epistaxis and bruises which reduced from 6 to 1 in the elder twin and from 7 to 4 in the younger one. Modified Naranjo Criteria in Homoeopathy was used to assess the homoeopathic result with the score of 10 for the elder twin and 8 for the younger twin. This Duo Case Report signifies the role of two different Individualized Homoeopathic Medicines in the identical twins though sharing the similar disease pattern.

Conclusion: Homoeopathic medicines prescribed on the basis of individualization alleviated the genetic disease symptoms and improved the quality of life of the patients’ and the family members.

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) - A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Impact, Epidemiology, and Management Approaches.

RUPALI VERMA RUPALI — Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important viral agent responsible for a range of respiratory diseases, especially among vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. This review highlights the clinical features, epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies related to HMPV infections. The absence of specific antiviral treatments and vaccines for HMPV represents a significant challenge in clinical practice. Understanding its pathogenesis, refining diagnostic methods, and advancing research into vaccines and therapeutics are essential to better manage and prevent this infection.

Understanding Generation Z nursing students and Role of Nursing Faculty and Educators :A Narrative review

Anjali Sancha — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The nursing education landscape is undergoing a significant transformation due to generational shifts. A widening gap exists between Generation Y educators and Generation Z and Alpha students, impacting teaching methodologies and curriculum design. Students' readily available access to online information contrasts sharply with educators' past experiences of in-depth research. This necessitates a paradigm shift in teaching approaches to accommodate the unique learning styles and technological proficiency of younger generations. Understanding the sociocultural influences shaping Gen Z students' worldviews, and embracing technology in the classroom, are crucial for effective nursing education and preparing the future nursing workforce. Faculty development focusing on technology integration is essential to bridge the generational divide and ensure successful student learning.