Demographic profile of Cervical Cancer development: a hospital based study
Keywords:
Cervical cancer, High risk, Human Papilloma Virus, Polymerase chain reaction
Abstract
Introduction: The present study is an attempt to detect Human papilloma virus infection along with its genotype in cancer cervix and its relation with demographic profile.
Methods: Cervical cancer cases were enrolled in between Jan’ 2010 to Dec’ 2012. One sample was collected from non cancerous area of cervix for DNA extraction and two samples were collected from cancerous area of cervix from same patient, one for DNA extraction and other one for histopathological examination to confirm our clinical diagnosis. Extracted DNA was then checked for presence of HPV DNA by PCR amplification method using MY09/11 primer. HPV genotyping was done by using specific primer for HPV16 & HPV18. The cases were compared with their corresponding socio demographic profile.
Results: The study showed 88.88% cases found to be HPV positive in cancerous area compared to 7.4% number in non cancerous area. Out of which 95.83% cases to be HPV 16 and only 4.16% were to be HPV 18 in cervical cancer cases. There were other significant risk factor association of cervical cancer with early marriage in 70.36% and high parity 87% of cases.
Conclusion: The human papilloma virus type 16 & 18 are the major contributing factor along with other risk factors like early marriage, illiteracy and high parity for cervical cancer in our region.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM.. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010 Dec 15; 127(12):2893-917. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25516. [PubMed]
2.Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 11. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. http://globocan.iarc.fr/.
3.Nandakumar A, T. Ramnath & Meesha Chaturvedi. The magnitude of cancer cervix in India. National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR), Bangalore, India. Indian J Med Res. 2009 Sept; 130(3); 219-21, Review. [PubMed]
4.Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, Bosch FX, Kummer JA, Shah KV, Snijders PJ, Peto J, Meijer CJ, Munoz N. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J Pathol. 1999; 8:12–19. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F.
5.Munoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S, Herrero R, Castellsague X, Shah KV, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(6):518–27. [PubMed]
6.Duggal R, Gangolli LV, (2005). Introduction to Review of Healthcare in India. In ‘Review of Healthcare in India’, Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes, pp. 3-18.
7. Canters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HPV associated cervical cancer rates by race and ethnicity. http:// www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/statistics/race.htm 2010.
8. Clegg LX, Reichman ME, Miller BA, Hankey BF, Singh GK, Lin YD, et al. .Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis: selected findings from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results: National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20(4):417–35.
9.Franceschi S, Plummer M, Clifford G, de Sanjosé S, Bosch X, Herrero R, et al. Differences in the risk of cervical cancer and human pappilomavirus infection by education level. British Journal of Cancer 2009; 101:865–70. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605224.
10.Pruitt SL, Shim MJ, Mullen PD, Vernon SW, Amick BC., III Association of area socioeconomic status and breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18:2579–99. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0135. [PubMed]
11. Madeleine, M. M., Anttila, T., Schwartz, S. M., Saikku, P., Leinonen, M., Carter, J. J., Wurscher, M., Johnson, L. G., Galloway, D. A. and Daling, J. R. Risk of cervical cancer associated with Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies by histology, HPV type and HPV cofactors. Int. J. Cancer 2007; 120: 650–655. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22325.
12. Berrington de González A, Sweetland S, Green J, et al. Comparison of risk factors for squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the cervix: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2004; 90(9):1787-91. [PubMed]
13. Paul Satya B, Tiwary Basant K, Choudhury Arun Paul . Studies on the Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer in Southern Assam. Assam University Journal of Science & Technology .Biological and Environmental Sciences. 2011; 7(1):36-42.
14.Boyer CB, Shafer MA, Shaffer RA, Brodine SK, Pollack LM, Betsinger K, et al. Evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral, group, randomized controlled intervention trial to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies in young women. Preventive Medicine 2005; 40(4):420–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.004.
15. Bull SS, Posner SF, Ortiz C, Beaty B, Benton K, Lin L, et al. Power for reproductive health: Results from a social marketing campaign promoting female and male condoms. Journal of Adolescent Health 2008; 43:71–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.009.
16.Biswas LN, Manna B, Maiti PK, Sengupta S . Sexual risk factors for cervical cancer among rural Indian women: a case-control study. Int. J. Epidemiol 1997; 26 (3): 491-495. doi: 10.1093/ije/26.3.491. [PubMed]
17. Castellsagué X, Bosch FX, Muñoz N .The male role in cervical cancer. Salud Publica Mex. 2003; 45 (3):345-53. [PubMed]
18.Castellsagué X, BoschFX, Munoz N, Meijer CJLM, Shah KV, de Sanjosé S, et al. Male circumcision, penile human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners. The New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 346: 1105–12. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa01168.
19. Boyd, J.T., Doll, R. (1964). A Study of the Aetiology of Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri. Br J Cancer. 18(3):419–434. [PubMed]
20. Wynder, E.L., Cornfield, G., Schroff, P.D, Doraiswami, K.R. (1954). Study of environmental factors in carcinoma of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynaeco. 68(4):1016-1047. [PubMed]
21. Munoz N, Hernandez-Suarez G, Méndez F, Molano M, Posso H, Moreno V, Murillo R, Ronderos M, Meijer C, and Munoz A. Persistence of HPV infection and risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of Colombian women. Br J Cancer. Apr 7, 2009; 100(7): 1184–1190. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604972.
22. Franceschi S, Rajkumar T, Vaccarella S, Gajalakshmi V Sharmilla A. Snijders PJ, Munoz N, Meijer CJ, Herrero R: Human papillomavirus and risk factors for cervical cancer in Chennai, India: a case control study. Int J Cancer 2003, 107; 127-33. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11350.
23.Sowjanya AP, Jain M, Poly UR, Padma S, Das M, Shah KV, et al. Prevalence and distribution of high risk Human papilloma virus types in invasive sqaumous cell carcinoma of the cervix and in normal women in Andhra Pradesh, India. BMC Infect Dis 2005; 5: 116.Available from:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/5/116.
24.Bhatla N, Dar L, Patro AR, Kriplani A, Gulati A, Verma K, et al. Human papilloma virus type distribution in cervical cancer in Delhi, India Int J Gynecol Pathol 2006;25:398-402. [PubMed]
25. Peedicayil A, Abraham P, Sathish N, John S, Shah K, Sridharan G, et al. Human papillomavirus genotype associated with cervical neoplasia in India. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16: 1591-5. [PubMed]
26. Dutta S, Begum R, Mazumder Indra D, Mandal SS, Mondal R, Biswas J, Dey B, Panda CK, Basu P. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in women without cervical cancer: A population-based study in Eastern India. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology .2012; 31(2): 186–191. doi: 10.1097/PGP.0b013e3182399391.
2.Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 11. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. http://globocan.iarc.fr/.
3.Nandakumar A, T. Ramnath & Meesha Chaturvedi. The magnitude of cancer cervix in India. National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR), Bangalore, India. Indian J Med Res. 2009 Sept; 130(3); 219-21, Review. [PubMed]
4.Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, Bosch FX, Kummer JA, Shah KV, Snijders PJ, Peto J, Meijer CJ, Munoz N. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J Pathol. 1999; 8:12–19. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F.
5.Munoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S, Herrero R, Castellsague X, Shah KV, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(6):518–27. [PubMed]
6.Duggal R, Gangolli LV, (2005). Introduction to Review of Healthcare in India. In ‘Review of Healthcare in India’, Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes, pp. 3-18.
7. Canters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HPV associated cervical cancer rates by race and ethnicity. http:// www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/statistics/race.htm 2010.
8. Clegg LX, Reichman ME, Miller BA, Hankey BF, Singh GK, Lin YD, et al. .Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis: selected findings from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results: National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20(4):417–35.
9.Franceschi S, Plummer M, Clifford G, de Sanjosé S, Bosch X, Herrero R, et al. Differences in the risk of cervical cancer and human pappilomavirus infection by education level. British Journal of Cancer 2009; 101:865–70. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605224.
10.Pruitt SL, Shim MJ, Mullen PD, Vernon SW, Amick BC., III Association of area socioeconomic status and breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18:2579–99. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0135. [PubMed]
11. Madeleine, M. M., Anttila, T., Schwartz, S. M., Saikku, P., Leinonen, M., Carter, J. J., Wurscher, M., Johnson, L. G., Galloway, D. A. and Daling, J. R. Risk of cervical cancer associated with Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies by histology, HPV type and HPV cofactors. Int. J. Cancer 2007; 120: 650–655. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22325.
12. Berrington de González A, Sweetland S, Green J, et al. Comparison of risk factors for squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the cervix: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2004; 90(9):1787-91. [PubMed]
13. Paul Satya B, Tiwary Basant K, Choudhury Arun Paul . Studies on the Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer in Southern Assam. Assam University Journal of Science & Technology .Biological and Environmental Sciences. 2011; 7(1):36-42.
14.Boyer CB, Shafer MA, Shaffer RA, Brodine SK, Pollack LM, Betsinger K, et al. Evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral, group, randomized controlled intervention trial to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies in young women. Preventive Medicine 2005; 40(4):420–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.004.
15. Bull SS, Posner SF, Ortiz C, Beaty B, Benton K, Lin L, et al. Power for reproductive health: Results from a social marketing campaign promoting female and male condoms. Journal of Adolescent Health 2008; 43:71–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.009.
16.Biswas LN, Manna B, Maiti PK, Sengupta S . Sexual risk factors for cervical cancer among rural Indian women: a case-control study. Int. J. Epidemiol 1997; 26 (3): 491-495. doi: 10.1093/ije/26.3.491. [PubMed]
17. Castellsagué X, Bosch FX, Muñoz N .The male role in cervical cancer. Salud Publica Mex. 2003; 45 (3):345-53. [PubMed]
18.Castellsagué X, BoschFX, Munoz N, Meijer CJLM, Shah KV, de Sanjosé S, et al. Male circumcision, penile human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners. The New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 346: 1105–12. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa01168.
19. Boyd, J.T., Doll, R. (1964). A Study of the Aetiology of Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri. Br J Cancer. 18(3):419–434. [PubMed]
20. Wynder, E.L., Cornfield, G., Schroff, P.D, Doraiswami, K.R. (1954). Study of environmental factors in carcinoma of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynaeco. 68(4):1016-1047. [PubMed]
21. Munoz N, Hernandez-Suarez G, Méndez F, Molano M, Posso H, Moreno V, Murillo R, Ronderos M, Meijer C, and Munoz A. Persistence of HPV infection and risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of Colombian women. Br J Cancer. Apr 7, 2009; 100(7): 1184–1190. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604972.
22. Franceschi S, Rajkumar T, Vaccarella S, Gajalakshmi V Sharmilla A. Snijders PJ, Munoz N, Meijer CJ, Herrero R: Human papillomavirus and risk factors for cervical cancer in Chennai, India: a case control study. Int J Cancer 2003, 107; 127-33. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11350.
23.Sowjanya AP, Jain M, Poly UR, Padma S, Das M, Shah KV, et al. Prevalence and distribution of high risk Human papilloma virus types in invasive sqaumous cell carcinoma of the cervix and in normal women in Andhra Pradesh, India. BMC Infect Dis 2005; 5: 116.Available from:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/5/116.
24.Bhatla N, Dar L, Patro AR, Kriplani A, Gulati A, Verma K, et al. Human papilloma virus type distribution in cervical cancer in Delhi, India Int J Gynecol Pathol 2006;25:398-402. [PubMed]
25. Peedicayil A, Abraham P, Sathish N, John S, Shah K, Sridharan G, et al. Human papillomavirus genotype associated with cervical neoplasia in India. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16: 1591-5. [PubMed]
26. Dutta S, Begum R, Mazumder Indra D, Mandal SS, Mondal R, Biswas J, Dey B, Panda CK, Basu P. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in women without cervical cancer: A population-based study in Eastern India. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology .2012; 31(2): 186–191. doi: 10.1097/PGP.0b013e3182399391.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2014.i04.15
Published: 2014-08-31
How to Cite
1.
Ray Das C, Deka M, Bose S, Deka Bose P, Ch Das G. Demographic profile of Cervical Cancer development: a hospital based study. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2014Aug.31 [cited 2024Nov.22];2(4):333-9. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/118
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
