Association of Postnatal growth with birth weight, gestational age, sex and intrauterine growth in very low birth weight Infants
Keywords:
Postnatal Growth, Very low birth weight, small for gestational age
Abstract
Introduction: The postnatal growth pattern is dependent on many biological factors.
Objective: To analyse the effect of birth weight, gestational age, sex and intrauterine growth on the postnatal growth pattern of VLBW babies.
Methods: Retrospective case analysis of 129 neonates between January-2012 to December-2014. Weight was serially measured from birth till discharge and respective z scores were calculated as per data from Fenton’s 2013 references. Statistical
Analysis: All data were collected in validated preformatted proforma sheet & analysed using appropriate statistical methods.
Results: The mean birth weight & gestational age at birth were 1.292 kg & 32.24 weeks respectively. The mean z scores for weight at birth was -1.3989 which decreased to -2.1 by day 7. There was significant difference in gestation at birth & discharge and total duration of hospitalization based on birth weight. There was significant difference in gestation at birth & discharge and total duration of hospitalization, lowest weight, time to regain birth weight & day 1 & day 7 z scores based on gestation. Though SGA infants had more weight loss initially, they exhibited desired catch up growth during hospital stay and time to regain birth weight & total days of hospitalization were significantly less.
Conclusion: Gestation is the predominant determinant of growth pattern followed by birth weight. There is no significant difference in growth between male & female babies. SGA babies demonstrated significant catch up growth despite initial significant weight loss.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Bregman J, Kimberlein L VS, Developmental outcome in extremely premature infants. Ped Clin North Am 1993; 40: 937-953. doi: 10.1542/peds.103.3.684.
2. Fanaroff A, Wright LL, Stevenson DK. Very-low-birth-weight outcomes of the National Institude of Child Health and Human Development Nenonatal Research Network, May 1991-December 1992. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 1423-1431.
3. Perlman M, Claris O, Hao Y, Pandit P, Whyte H, Chipman M, Secular changes in the outcomes in eighteen to twenty-four months of age: extremely low birth weight infants, with adjustment for changes in risk factors and severity of illness. J Pediatr 1995 Jan; 126(1): 75-87 . DOI; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70507-4. [PubMed]
4. Satish Saluja, Manoj Modi, Avneet Kaur, Anil Batra, Arun Soni, Pankaj Garg, Neelam Kler, Growth of Very Low Birth-Weight Indian Infants During Hospital Stay. Indian Pediatrics : Oct 2010;47:851 - 856 . PII: S097475590900516-1. [PubMed]
5. De Curtis M, Bland JM, Paone MC,Vetrano G, Paludetto R, Ciccimarra F. Birth weight of Italian infants of 30 weeks'gestation or less. Eur J Pediatr. 1988 Nov;148(2):136–138. [PubMed]
6. Gairdner D, Pearson J. A growth chart for premature and other infants. Arch Dis Child. 1971 Dec;46(250):783–787. [PubMed]
7. Babson SG, Benda GI. Growth graphs for the clinical assessment of infants of varying gestational age. J Pediatr. 1976 Nov;89(5):814–820. [PubMed]
8. Lubchenco LO, Hansman C, Dressler M, Boyd E. Intrauterine growth as estimated from live born birth-weight data at 24 to 42 weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 1963 Nov; 32: 793-800. [PubMed]
9. Brooke OG, Mclntosh N. Birthweights of infants born before 30 weeks gestation. Arch Dis Child 1984 Dec ; 59 (12): 1189-1190. [PubMed]
10. Karlberg P, Niklasson A, Ericson A. A methodology for evaluating size at birth.Acta Paediatr Scand 1985; 319 (suppl): 26-37. [PubMed]
11. Bertino E, Coscia A, Boni L, Rossi C, Martano C, Giuliani F. Weight growth velocity of very low birth weight infants: role of gender, gestational age and major morbidities. Early Hum Dev 2009;85(6) : 339-347. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.014. Epub 2009 Feb 1. [PubMed]
12. Claudia Turner, Verena Carrara, Naw Aye Mya Thien, Naw Moo Ku Paw, Marcus Rijken1, Rose McGready, François Nosten; Changes in the body weight of term infants, born in the tropics, during the first seven days of life. BMC Pediatrics 2013, 13:93 .doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-93.
13. Tanis R Fenton* and Jae H Kim, A systematic review and metaanalysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatrics 2013 13:59. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-59. [PubMed]
14. Trebar B, Traunecker R, Selbmann HK, Ranke MB. Growth during the first two years predicts pre-school height in children born with very low birth weight (VLBW): results of a study of 1,320 children in Germany. Pediatr Res 2007 Aug ; 62 (2):209-214. [PubMed]
15. Bertino E, Coscia A, Mombro M, Boni L, Rossetti G, Fabris C. Postnatal weight increase and growth velocity of very low birth weight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91:F349-F356. doi: 10.1136/adc. [PubMed]
16. Hasan Ozkan, Aysen Uguz, Sebnem Haberal; Postnatal Weight Velocity Patterns in Very Low Birthweight Infants. Indian J Pediatr May-June 1997; 64(3):383-388.
17. Fewtrell MS, Cole TJ, Bishop NJ, Lucas A. Neonatal factors predicting childhood height in preterm infants: evidence for a persisting effect of early metabolic bone disease? J Pediatr 2000 Nov; 137 (5):668-673. [PubMed]
18. Hovi P, Andersson S, Eriksson JG, Jarvenpaa AL, Strang- mKarlsson S, Makitie O. Glucose regulation in young adults with very low birth weight. N Engl J Med 2007 May; 356 (20):2053-2063. [PubMed]
19. P. Khandelwal, V. Jain, A. K. Gupta, M. Kalaivani, V. K. Paul; Association of early postnatal growth trajectory with body composition in term low birth weight infants. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (2014) Jun, 5(3), 189–196. [PubMed]
20. Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Oh W, Korones SB, Papile LA, Stoll BJ. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2001; 107(1):E1.
21. Forsyth JS, Murdock N, Crighton A. Low birthweight infants and total parenteral nutrition immediately after birth IH Randomised study of energy substrate utilisation, nitrogen balance, and carbon dioxide production. Arch Dis Child 1995, 73: F 13-F 16.
22. Anchieta, L.M.; Xavier, C.C, Colosimo, E.A. Souza, M.F.. Weight of preterm newborns during the first twelve weeks of life. Braz J Med Biol Res . 2003, vol.36(6), pp. 761-770. ISSN 1414- 31X. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2003000600012.
23. Smith SL, Kirchhoff KT, Chan GM, Squire SJ; Patterns of postnatal weight changes in infants with very low and extremely low birth weights.Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical Care [1994, 23(6):439-445]. [PubMed]
24. A.M. Euser, C.C. de Wit, M.J.J. Finken, M. Rijken, J.M. Wit; Growth of preterm born children. Hormone Research 2008; 70: 319-328. [PubMed]
25. Pauls J, Bauer K, Versmold H. Postnatal body weight curves for infants below 1000 g birth weight receiving early enteral and parenteral nutrition. Eur J Pediatr 1998; 157(5) :416-421.
26. Ehrenkranz RA, Younes N, Lemons JA, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, Wright LL. Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1999 Aug ; 104(2) : 280-289. [PubMed]
27. Verloove P, Verwey RA, Brand R, Keirse MJ. Importance of gestational age. Lancet 1986; 1:1494.
28. O.F Xjokanma, M.T.C Egri-Okwaji, J.O Babalola . Early postnatal growth of preterm low birth weight, appropriately-sized infants . Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice ; June 2008; 11(2):104-110.
29. Sadler TW. Langman’s Medical Embryology. Seventh Edition. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 1995: 90-92. [PubMed]
30. Bertino E, Milani S, Fabris C, De Curtis M. Neonatal anthropometric charts: what they are, what they are not. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2007; 92 (1):F7–F10. [PubMed]
31. Zaw W, Gagnon R, da Silva O. The risks of adverse neonatal outcome among preterm small for gestational age infants according to neonatal versus fetal growth standards. Pediatrics 2003;111:1273–1277. [PubMed]
32. Marsal K, Persson PH, Larsen T, Lilja H, Selbing A, Sultan B. Intrauterine growth curves based on ultrasonically estimated fetal weights. Acta Paediatr 1996;85:843–8. [PubMed]
33. Babson SG. Growth of low birthweight infants. J Paediatr l970 Jul ;77 (1): 11 18. [PubMed]
34. Gutbrod T, Wolke D, Soehne B, Ohrt B, Riegel K. Effects of gestation and birth weight on the growth and development of VLBW small for gestational age infants: A matched group comparision. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2000; 82: F 208-214. [PubMed]
35. Radmacher PG, Looney SW, Rafail ST, Adamkin DH. Prediction of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in VVLBWI. J Perinatol 2003 Jul-Aug ; 23 (5) : 392- 395.
2. Fanaroff A, Wright LL, Stevenson DK. Very-low-birth-weight outcomes of the National Institude of Child Health and Human Development Nenonatal Research Network, May 1991-December 1992. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 1423-1431.
3. Perlman M, Claris O, Hao Y, Pandit P, Whyte H, Chipman M, Secular changes in the outcomes in eighteen to twenty-four months of age: extremely low birth weight infants, with adjustment for changes in risk factors and severity of illness. J Pediatr 1995 Jan; 126(1): 75-87 . DOI; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70507-4. [PubMed]
4. Satish Saluja, Manoj Modi, Avneet Kaur, Anil Batra, Arun Soni, Pankaj Garg, Neelam Kler, Growth of Very Low Birth-Weight Indian Infants During Hospital Stay. Indian Pediatrics : Oct 2010;47:851 - 856 . PII: S097475590900516-1. [PubMed]
5. De Curtis M, Bland JM, Paone MC,Vetrano G, Paludetto R, Ciccimarra F. Birth weight of Italian infants of 30 weeks'gestation or less. Eur J Pediatr. 1988 Nov;148(2):136–138. [PubMed]
6. Gairdner D, Pearson J. A growth chart for premature and other infants. Arch Dis Child. 1971 Dec;46(250):783–787. [PubMed]
7. Babson SG, Benda GI. Growth graphs for the clinical assessment of infants of varying gestational age. J Pediatr. 1976 Nov;89(5):814–820. [PubMed]
8. Lubchenco LO, Hansman C, Dressler M, Boyd E. Intrauterine growth as estimated from live born birth-weight data at 24 to 42 weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 1963 Nov; 32: 793-800. [PubMed]
9. Brooke OG, Mclntosh N. Birthweights of infants born before 30 weeks gestation. Arch Dis Child 1984 Dec ; 59 (12): 1189-1190. [PubMed]
10. Karlberg P, Niklasson A, Ericson A. A methodology for evaluating size at birth.Acta Paediatr Scand 1985; 319 (suppl): 26-37. [PubMed]
11. Bertino E, Coscia A, Boni L, Rossi C, Martano C, Giuliani F. Weight growth velocity of very low birth weight infants: role of gender, gestational age and major morbidities. Early Hum Dev 2009;85(6) : 339-347. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.014. Epub 2009 Feb 1. [PubMed]
12. Claudia Turner, Verena Carrara, Naw Aye Mya Thien, Naw Moo Ku Paw, Marcus Rijken1, Rose McGready, François Nosten; Changes in the body weight of term infants, born in the tropics, during the first seven days of life. BMC Pediatrics 2013, 13:93 .doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-93.
13. Tanis R Fenton* and Jae H Kim, A systematic review and metaanalysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatrics 2013 13:59. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-59. [PubMed]
14. Trebar B, Traunecker R, Selbmann HK, Ranke MB. Growth during the first two years predicts pre-school height in children born with very low birth weight (VLBW): results of a study of 1,320 children in Germany. Pediatr Res 2007 Aug ; 62 (2):209-214. [PubMed]
15. Bertino E, Coscia A, Mombro M, Boni L, Rossetti G, Fabris C. Postnatal weight increase and growth velocity of very low birth weight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91:F349-F356. doi: 10.1136/adc. [PubMed]
16. Hasan Ozkan, Aysen Uguz, Sebnem Haberal; Postnatal Weight Velocity Patterns in Very Low Birthweight Infants. Indian J Pediatr May-June 1997; 64(3):383-388.
17. Fewtrell MS, Cole TJ, Bishop NJ, Lucas A. Neonatal factors predicting childhood height in preterm infants: evidence for a persisting effect of early metabolic bone disease? J Pediatr 2000 Nov; 137 (5):668-673. [PubMed]
18. Hovi P, Andersson S, Eriksson JG, Jarvenpaa AL, Strang- mKarlsson S, Makitie O. Glucose regulation in young adults with very low birth weight. N Engl J Med 2007 May; 356 (20):2053-2063. [PubMed]
19. P. Khandelwal, V. Jain, A. K. Gupta, M. Kalaivani, V. K. Paul; Association of early postnatal growth trajectory with body composition in term low birth weight infants. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (2014) Jun, 5(3), 189–196. [PubMed]
20. Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Oh W, Korones SB, Papile LA, Stoll BJ. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2001; 107(1):E1.
21. Forsyth JS, Murdock N, Crighton A. Low birthweight infants and total parenteral nutrition immediately after birth IH Randomised study of energy substrate utilisation, nitrogen balance, and carbon dioxide production. Arch Dis Child 1995, 73: F 13-F 16.
22. Anchieta, L.M.; Xavier, C.C, Colosimo, E.A. Souza, M.F.. Weight of preterm newborns during the first twelve weeks of life. Braz J Med Biol Res . 2003, vol.36(6), pp. 761-770. ISSN 1414- 31X. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2003000600012.
23. Smith SL, Kirchhoff KT, Chan GM, Squire SJ; Patterns of postnatal weight changes in infants with very low and extremely low birth weights.Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical Care [1994, 23(6):439-445]. [PubMed]
24. A.M. Euser, C.C. de Wit, M.J.J. Finken, M. Rijken, J.M. Wit; Growth of preterm born children. Hormone Research 2008; 70: 319-328. [PubMed]
25. Pauls J, Bauer K, Versmold H. Postnatal body weight curves for infants below 1000 g birth weight receiving early enteral and parenteral nutrition. Eur J Pediatr 1998; 157(5) :416-421.
26. Ehrenkranz RA, Younes N, Lemons JA, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, Wright LL. Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1999 Aug ; 104(2) : 280-289. [PubMed]
27. Verloove P, Verwey RA, Brand R, Keirse MJ. Importance of gestational age. Lancet 1986; 1:1494.
28. O.F Xjokanma, M.T.C Egri-Okwaji, J.O Babalola . Early postnatal growth of preterm low birth weight, appropriately-sized infants . Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice ; June 2008; 11(2):104-110.
29. Sadler TW. Langman’s Medical Embryology. Seventh Edition. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 1995: 90-92. [PubMed]
30. Bertino E, Milani S, Fabris C, De Curtis M. Neonatal anthropometric charts: what they are, what they are not. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2007; 92 (1):F7–F10. [PubMed]
31. Zaw W, Gagnon R, da Silva O. The risks of adverse neonatal outcome among preterm small for gestational age infants according to neonatal versus fetal growth standards. Pediatrics 2003;111:1273–1277. [PubMed]
32. Marsal K, Persson PH, Larsen T, Lilja H, Selbing A, Sultan B. Intrauterine growth curves based on ultrasonically estimated fetal weights. Acta Paediatr 1996;85:843–8. [PubMed]
33. Babson SG. Growth of low birthweight infants. J Paediatr l970 Jul ;77 (1): 11 18. [PubMed]
34. Gutbrod T, Wolke D, Soehne B, Ohrt B, Riegel K. Effects of gestation and birth weight on the growth and development of VLBW small for gestational age infants: A matched group comparision. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2000; 82: F 208-214. [PubMed]
35. Radmacher PG, Looney SW, Rafail ST, Adamkin DH. Prediction of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in VVLBWI. J Perinatol 2003 Jul-Aug ; 23 (5) : 392- 395.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i2.039
Published: 2015-03-31
How to Cite
1.
chandran R, Parakh H, J K R, Reddy P. Association of Postnatal growth with birth weight, gestational age, sex and intrauterine growth in very low birth weight Infants. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2015Mar.31 [cited 2024Nov.8];3(2):207-15. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/212
Issue
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
