Psycho physical test in normal individual and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy: comparative study

  • Dr. Sapna Raghuwanshi Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, L. N. Medical College, Bhopal, MP, India
  • Dr. Rashmi Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, L. N. Medical College, Bhopal, MP, India
  • Dr. Shivkumar Raghuwanshi Professor, Department of ENT, L.N. Medical College Bhopal, MP, India
Keywords: Contrast Sensitivity, Best Corrected Visual Acuity, Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the differentiating ability of psychophysical test which include contrast sensitivity function (CSF), dark adaptation (DA)and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in detecting functional losses in diabetic participants with and without retinopathy.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study we examined 90 patients in L.N. Medical college and J. K Hospital, Kolar road, Bhopal between June to November 2017 including 60 diabetic patients (30 with retinopathy and 30 without retinopathy in fundus photography) with 30 control non-diabetic subjects matched for age and sex. The diabetic participants were sub grouped according to the level of retinopathy (EDTRS classification). CSF was examined by means of pelli robson chart in each eye; DA was assessed with photostress test and BCVA by Snellen chart.

Results: When comparing visual performance of the right and left eyes of patients in each group, CSF was significantly lower in the diabetic eyes with retinopathy than in the normal eyes or the diabetic eyes without retinopathy. Comparing to control group, there was a statistically significant CSF loss in the diabetic eyes without retinopathy (P<0.05). The mean logMAR BCVA and DA abnormalities were significantly higher in the diabetic eyes with retinopathy than in the normal eyes or the diabetic eyes without retinopathy (P<0.001). There was no significant difference observed in mean log MAR BCVA and DA between those of diabetic eye without retinopathy compared to the control group.

Conclusion: There was significant difference observed in visual performance of those diabetics with retinopathy compared to those without. The findings also suggest that the appropriate combination of existing tests can be a useful method of improving screening accuracy in diabetic patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Mohan V, Sandeep S, Deepa R, Shah B, Varghese C. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indianscenario. Indian J Med Res. 2007 Mar;125(3):217-30.

Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Globalprevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care.2004 May;27(5):1047-53.

Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki Ret al.Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group. Globalprevalence and majorrisk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care.2012Mar;35(3):556-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1909. Epub 2012 Feb 01.

Ding J, Wong TY. Currentepidemiology of diabetic retinopathy and diabeticmacular edema. Curr Diab Rep.2012Aug;12(4):346-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-012-0283-6.

Romero-Aroca P. Managing diabetic macular edema: the leading cause of diabetes blindness. World J Diabetes. 2011 Jun 15; 2(6): 98–104. Published online 2011 Jun 15. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239%2Fwjd.v2.i6.98.

Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsinepidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk ofdiabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30years.Arch Ophthalmol.1984Apr;102(4):520-6.

Aiello LP, Gardner TW, King GL, Blankenship G, Cavallerano JD, Ferris III FL Klein R. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 1998; 21(1): 143–156.

Orchard TJ, Dorman JS, Maser RE, Becker DJ, Drash AL, Ellis D, LaPorte RE, Kuller LH. Prevalence of complications in IDDM by sex and duration. PittsburghEpidemiology of Diabetes ComplicationsStudyII.Diabetes. 1990 Sep;39(9):1116-24.

Frost-Larsen K, Larsen HW. Nyctometry - a newscreeningmethod for selection of patients with simplediabetic retinopathywho are at risk ofdevelopingproliferativeretinopathy. Results of a 3-year follow-up. ActaOphthalmol (Copenh). 1983 Jun;61(3):353-61.

A Paul Chous, 1 Stuart P Richer, 2 Jeffry D Gerson, 3 Renu A Kowluru4. The Diabetes Visual Function Supplement Study (DiVFuSS). BJO Online First, published on June 18, 2015 as doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306534.

Stavrou EP, Wood JM. Lettercontrast sensitivitychanges in earlydiabetic retinopathy. ClinExpOptom. 2003 May;86(3):152-6.

Olafsdóttir E, Stefánsson E. Biennial eye screening in patients with diabetes without retinopathy: 10-year experience. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;91(12):1599-601. Epub 2007 Jul 12.

Moloney J, Drury MI. Retinopathy and retinalfunction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Br J Ophthalmol. 1982 Dec;66(12):759-61.

Jackson GR, Barber AJ. Visualdysfunctionassociated with diabetic retinopathy. Curr Diab Rep.2010Oct;10(5):380-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-010-0132-4.

Beszédesová N, Budinská E, Skorkovská S. [Functional integrity of neural retina in 2. type diabetics]. CeskSlovOftalmol. 2009 Jul;65(4):124-30.

Pomerance GN, Evans DW. Test-retest reliability of the CSV-1000contrasttest and its relationship to glaucomatherapy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994 Aug;35(9):3357-61.

Scanlon PH, Foy C, Chen FK. Visual acuity measurement and ocular co-morbidity in diabetic retinopathy screening. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Jun;92(6):775-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2007.128561. Epub 2008 Mar 20.

Woods RL, Wood JM. The role of contrast sensitivity charts and contrast letter charts in clinical practice. ClinExpOptom1995;78:2:43-57.

Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. The incidence of vision lossin adiabeticpopulation. Ophthalmology.1988Oct;95(10):1340-8.

Ismail GM, Whitaker D. Early detection of changes in visual function in diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt.1998Jan;18(1):3-12.

Sokol S, Moskowitz A, Skarf B, Evans R, Molitch M, Senior B. Contrast sensitivity in diabetics with and without backgroundretinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985 Jan;103(1):51-4.

Shaili Misra,1Sandeep Saxena, Poonam Kishore,1Shashi K. Bhasker,1Arvind Misra,2 and Carsten H. Meyer3, Association of contrast sensitivity with LogMAR visual acuity and glycosylated hemoglobin in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, J OculBiol Dis Infor. 2010 Jun; 3(2): 60–63. Published online 2010 Nov 3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-010-9056-0.

Della Sala S, Bertoni G, Somazzi L, Stubbe F, Wilkins AJ. Impairedcontrast sensitivity in diabeticpatients with and without retinopathy: a newtechnique for rapidassessment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1985 Feb;69(2):136-42.

Jackson GR, Scott IU, Quillen DA, Walter LE, Gardner TW. Innerretinalvisualdysfunction is a sensitivemarker of non-proliferativediabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol.2012 May;96(5):699-703. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300467. Epub2011 Dec 15.

Marsden J, Stevens S, Ebri A. How to measuredistancevisual acuity. Community EyeHealth.2014;27(85):16.

Pelli, D. G., Robson, J. G., & Wilkins, A. J. The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clinical Vision Sciences,(1988). 2(3), 187-199).

Lavingia B. Photostress test. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1983 May;31(3):183.

Di Leo MA, Caputo S, Falsini B, Porciatti V, Minnella A, Greco AV, Ghirlanda G. Nonselectiveloss of contrast sensitivity in visualsystemtesting in early type I diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1992 May;15(5):620-5.

Javitt JC, Canner JK, Frank RG, Steinwachs DM, Sommer A. Detecting and treatingretinopathy in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. A health policy model. Ophthalmology. 1990 Apr;97(4):483-94; discussion 494-5.

Noticewala V, Manisha Shastri, A study of contrast sensitivity changes in normal individual and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy ,Int J Res Med Sci. 2017 Nov;5(11):4840-4845.

JavadHeravian, PhD1 • Naser Shoeibi, MD2 • Abbas Azimi, PhD1 • ShayestehYasini, MSc3 HadiOstadi Moghaddam, PhD1 • AbbasAliYekta, PhD1 • HabibollahEsmaily, PhD4 Evaluation of Contrast Sensitivity, Color Vision and Visual Acuity in Patients with and without Diabetes, ,Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 2010;22(3):33-40 © 2010 by the Iranian Society of Ophthalmology.

GhafourM, FouldsWS, Allan D, McClure F. Contrast sensitivity in diabetic subjects with and without retinopathy. BrJOphthalmol 1982; 66: 492-5.

Beszédesová N, Budinská E, Skorkovská S. [Functional integrity of neural retina in 2. type diabetics]. CeskSlovOftalmol. 2009 Jul;65(4):124-30.

Abrishami M, Heravian J, Derakhshan A, Mousavi M, Banaee T, Daneshvar R, Moghaddam HO. AbnormalCambridgelow-contrastgratingsensitivityresultsassociated with diabetic retinopathy as a potentialscreeningtool.East Mediterr Health J. 2007 Jul-Aug;13(4):810-8.

Dosso AA, Bonvin ER, Morel Y, Golay A, Assal JP, Leuenberger PM. Risk factors associated with contrast sensitivity loss in diabetic patients. Graefes Arch ClinExpOphthalmol 1996 May; 234(5):3005.

Mackie SW, Walsh G. Contrast and glare sensitivity in diabetic patients with and without panretinalphotocogulation. Ophthalmic PhysiolOpt 1998 Mar; 18(2):173-81.

North RV, Farrell U, Banford D, Jones C, Gregory JW, Butler G, Owens DR. Visual function in youngIDDMpatientsover8years of age. A 4-year longitudinal study. Diabetes Care.1997Nov;20(11):1724-30.

Lobo CL, Bernardes RC, Figueira JP, de Abreu JR, Cunha-VazJGl. Three-year follow-up study of blood-retinal barrier and retinal thickness alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122(2):211-7. 24.

Lövestam-Adrian M, Svendenius N, Agardh E. Contrast sensitivity and visualrecoverytime in diabeticpatientstreated with panretinalphotocoagulation. Acta Ophthalmol Scand.2000Dec;78(6):672-6.

Wong R, Khan J, Adewoyin T, Sivaprasad S, Arden GB, Chong V. The ChromaTest, a digitalcolorcontrast sensitivityanalyzer, for diabeticmaculopathy: a pilot study. BMC Ophthalmol.2008 Aug 17;8:15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-8-15.

Holopigian K, Greenstein VC, Seiple W, Hood DC, Carr RE. Evidence for photoreceptorchanges in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.1997Oct;38(11):2355-65.

Psycho physical test in normal individual and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy: comparative study
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2018.i02.05
Published: 2018-02-28
How to Cite
1.
Raghuwanshi S, Kumar R, Raghuwanshi S. Psycho physical test in normal individual and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy: comparative study. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2018Feb.28 [cited 2024Mar.28];6(2):93-101. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/963
Section
Original Article