Clinical and cyto-histopathological study of Hansen’s disease in teaching government hospital in Mahakausal Region
Abstract
Background: Hansen’s disease still remains a significant public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries like India. Patients suffering from Hansen’s disease can remain undiagnosed for a longtime, because of long incubation period, over dependence of clinical expertise and a lack of rapid and simple diagnostic tool. Cytology is an inexpensive, rapid and accurate procedure for diagnosis of skin lesions of Hansen’s disease.
Aims: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the usefulness of Cytopathology in early diagnosis of Hansen’s disease and to correlate the cytological smear findings with clinical and histopathological features.
Methods: The study is a hospital based prospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology and Department of Skin, VD, Leprosy, N.S.C.B. Medical College & Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.) .Patients with new skin lesions were selected for the study. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed and aspirates were evaluated for cytology and punch biopsy was collected.
Results: Out of 50 cases, most patients belonged to 20-40 yrs of age, of which 35 (70%) were males and 15 (30%) were females. Borderline Tuberculoid was the most frequent morphologic type seen in both sexes. The clinical and cytological correlation was seen in 88% tuberculoid leprosy, 93.7% of borderline tuberculoid, 33% of borderline lepromatous leprosy and 66% of lepromatous leprosy. While clinical with histopathological correlation revealed 100% specificity in tuberculoid leprosy, borderline tuberculoid and 100% in Histoid leprosy, 66.6% in borderline lepromatous, 83.3% in lepromatous leprosy and 80% in indeterminate leprosy in our study. Concordant results between cytology and histopathology was seen in majority of cases (84.8%) studied. The overall cytodiagnostic accuracy has been 92%.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that FNAC is a safe, simple, rapid, less-invasive, OPD procedure for early diagnosis and classification of leprosy in majority of cases.
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