Comparative study of the serum calcium level in normal pregnancy and pre-eclamptic women in a tertiary centre in India

  • Dr. Chaitra Ramachandra Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BGS Global Medical College, BGS Health & Education City, Uttarahalli Road, Kengeri, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560060, India
  • Dr. Rekha Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BGS Global Medical College, BGS Health & Education City, Uttarahalli Road, Kengeri, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560060, India
  • Dr. Roopa Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BGS Global Medical College, BGS Health & Education City, Uttarahalli Road, Kengeri, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560060, India
  • Dr. Shankaregowda Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BGS Global Medical College, BGS Health & Education City, Uttarahalli Road, Kengeri, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560060, India
  • Dr. Nirupama.Y.S Consultant Obstetrician and gynaecologist, Shanbhag Hospital, India
Keywords: Pre eclampsia, Serum Calcium, Pregnancy induced Hypertension

Abstract

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a significant and a common cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Role for micronutrients supplementation in preventing preeclampsia is under extensive research. Among these, increasing calcium intake can reduce the risk of pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders.

Aim: To compare the level of Serum calcium between the normal pregnancy and preeclampsia patients.

Methods and Materials: This prospective double blinded case control study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BGS Global Medical College, Bangalore from January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 120 women attending the antenatal clinic and admitted in the obstetric ward were included in the study. Among the 120 women included, 60 were with pre-eclampsia and the other 60 were normotensive patients. The pre-eclamptic patients were chosen in accordance with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on hypertension. Serum calcium was measured by Colorimetric method. Data analysis was done by Graph Pad Instat (Version 3.10).

Results: The study included a total of 120 patients with 60 normotensive (Group B) and 60 patients with preeclampsia patients (Group A). Majority of the patients were primigravida in the age group of 23-27 years in both the groups. The serum calcium level of group A were significantly lower in pre eclampsia women(Group A) in comparison to those of normal pregnancy (control group B ) (8.6 ±1.554 gm/dl Vs 9.893 ± 0.6877 g/dl: p<0.0001).

Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in serum calcium levels in pre-eclamptic women as compared to normal pregnant women, suggesting the role of calcium in pre-eclampsia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Sukonpan K, Phupong V. Serum calcium and serum magnesium in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2004Jul;273(1):12–6. DOI- 10.1007/s00404-004-0672-4.

2. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap LC, Wenstrom KD. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. In: Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap LC, Wenstrom KD (eds)Williams Obstetrics , 22nd edn. McGraw – Hill: New York 2005; 761 – 808.

3. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 33: Diagnosis and Management of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2002;99(1):159–67.

4. Solomon CG, Seely EW. Preeclampsia -- searching for the cause. N Engl J Med. 2004 Feb 12; 350(7):641-2. Epub 2004 Feb 5.

5. Walker JJ. Pre-eclampsia. The Lancet. 2000;356(9237):1260–5. DOI- 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02800-2

6. Bringman J, Gibbs C, Ahokas R, Syamal B, Ramsey R, Egerman R. Differences in serum calcium and magnesium between gravidas with severe preeclampsia and normotensive controls. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2006;195(6). DOI- 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.519

7. Wood AJ, Sibai BM. Treatment of Hypertension in Pregnant Women. New England Journal of Medicine N Engl J Med. 1996;335(4):257–65. DOI- 10.1056/nejm199607253350407

8. Serhal P, Craft I. Immune Basis For Pre-Eclampsia: Evidence From Oocyte Recipients. The Lancet. 1987;330(8561):744. DOI- 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91104-4

9. Kisters K, Barenbrock M, Louwen F, Hausberg M, Rahn KH, Kosch M. Membrane, intracellular, and plasma magnesium and calcium concentrations in preeclampsia. American Journal of Hypertension. 2000Jan;13(7):765–9. DOI- 10.1016/s0895-7061(00)00240-5.

10. Kashyap MK, Saxena SV, Khullar M, Sawhney H, Vasishta K. Role of anion gap and different electrolytes in hypertension during pregnancy (preeclampsia). Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Mol Cell Biochem. 2006;282(1-2):157–67. DOI- 10.1007/s11010-006-1739-2

11. Hayashi M, Ueda Y, Hoshimoto K, Ota Y, Fukasawa I, Sumori K, et al. Changes in urinary excretion of six biochemical parameters in normotensive pregnancy and preeclampsia. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2002;39(2):392–400.DOI-10.1053/ajkd.2002.30561

12. Ray J, Vasishta K, Kaur S, Majumdar S, Sawhney H. Calcium metabolism in pre-eclampsia. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1999;66(3):245–50. DOI- 10.1016/s0020-7292(99)00096-x

13. Kosch M, Hausberg M, Louwen F, Barenbrock M, Rahn KH, Kisters K. Alterations of plasma calcium and intracellular and membrane calcium in erythrocytes of patients with pre-eclampsia. J Hum Hypertens Journal of Human Hypertension. 2000Oct;14(5):333–6. DOI- 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001006

14. 25. Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Pridmore B, Bryce R, Duggan P, Hague WM, et al. Calcium Supplementation In Nulliparous Women For The Prevention Of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, Preeclampsia And Preterm Birth: An Australian Randomized Irial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999;39(1):12. DOI-10.1111/j.1479-828x.1999.tb03434.x

15. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management . NICE guidelines [CG107] Published date: August 2010 Last updated: January 2011

16. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley A, Kelly FJ, Hunt BJ, Charnock-Jones D, et al. A longitudinal study of biochemical variables in women at risk of preeclampsia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002;187(1):127–36. DOI- 10.1067/mob.2002.122969

17. Roberts JM, Balk JL, Bodnar LM, Belizan JM, Bergel E, Martinez A. Nutrient Involvement in Pre-eclampsia. J Nutr. 2003; 133(5):1684-92.

18. Deborah M. Role of nutrition in the prevention of toxemia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000.72(1): 298-300.

19. Pijnenborg R, Anthony J, Davey DA, Rees A, Tiltman A, Vercruysse L, et al. Placental bed spiral arteries in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BJOG:An international journal of O&G. 1991;98(7):648–55. DOI- 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13450.x

20. Wang A, Rana S, Karumanchi SA. Preeclampsia: The Role of Angiogenic Factors in Its Pathogenesis. Physiology. 2009Jan;24(3):147–58. DOI- 10.1152/physiol.00043.2008

21. Ciantar E, Walker JJ. Pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome: what is new? Women's Health. 2011;7(5):555–69. DOI- 10.2217/whe.11.57

22. Belizán JM, Villar J, Gonzalez L, Campodonico L, Bergel E. Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine N Engl J Med. 1991;325(20):1399–405.DOI-10.1056/nejm199111143252002
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2016.i05.29
Published: 2016-05-31
How to Cite
1.
Ramachandra C, Rekha R, Roopa R, Shankaregowda S, Y.S. N. Comparative study of the serum calcium level in normal pregnancy and pre-eclamptic women in a tertiary centre in India. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2016May31 [cited 2024Mar.28];4(5):834- 838. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/564
Section
Original Article