A Pathologist’s perspective of penile carcinoma – an institutional study at Indian Red Cross Hospital, Nellore
Keywords:
Penile Carcinoma, Histopathology, Prognosis
Abstract
Background: Penile cancer is an unusual malignancy with higher incidence rates in developing countries like India when compared to the Western world. Incidence varies from 0.7-2.3 cases per 100,000 men in urban India and 3 cases per 100,000 men in rural India. In spite of its rarity, it forms a suitable medical model for theranostics. Given this relevance we put forward our departmental experience in a rural Indian setup.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective three year study of penile SCC patients managed in Indian Red Cross Cancer Hospital, India. Data was compared with similar studies across the world.
Results: 23 patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of penis during the period of study. We witnessed in this study that a relatively younger age of presentation and early stages prevailing. Higher percentage of involvement of prepuce and body was also noted.
Conclusion: Consideration of prognostic histopathological factors may help to tailor appropriate management in this infrequent malignancy.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Salvioni R, Necchi A, Piva L, Colecchia M, Nicolai N. Penile cancer. Urol Oncol.2009;27(6):677-85. [PubMed]
2. Lynch DFJ, Pettaway CA. Tumors of the penis. In: Walsh PC (eds.)Campbell's Urology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Company; 2002. p2945-81.
3. Micali G, Innocenzi D, Nasca MR, Musumeci ML, Ferrau F, Greco M. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. J Am Acad Dermatol.1996;35(3):432-51. [PubMed]
4. Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Maldonado JL, Pow-sang J, Giuliano AR. Incidence trends in primary malignant penile cancer. Urol Oncol.2007;25(5):361-367. [PubMed]
5. Maden C, Sherman KJ, Beckmann AM, Hislop TG, Teh CZ, Ashley RL, Daling JR.. History of circumcision, medical conditions, and sexual activity and risk of penile cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst .1993;85(1):19-24. [PubMed]
6. Dillner J, von Krogh G, Horenblas S, Meijer CJ. Etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology .2000;34(205):189-93. [PubMed]
7. Demcow T. The treatment of penile carcinoma: experience in 64 cases. International Urology and Nephrology .1999;31(4):525-31. [PubMed]
8. Doehn C, Baumgartel M, Jocham D. Surgical therapy of penis carcinoma. Urologe Ausgabe A .2001;40(4):303-7. [PubMed]
9. Pandey D, Mahajan V, Kannan RR. Prognostic factors in node positive carcinoma of the penis. J Surg Oncol.2006;93(2):133-138. [PubMed]
10. Graafland NM, Moonen LM, van Boven HH, van Werkhoven E, Kerst JM, Horenblas S. Inguinal recurrence following therapeutic lymphadenectomy for node positive penile carcinoma: outcome and implications for management. J Urol.2011;185(3):888-893.
11. Solsona E, Algaba F, Horenblas S, Pizzocaro G, Windahl T. EAU. Guidelines on Penile Cancer. Eur Urol .2004;46(1):1-8. [PubMed]
12. Sobin LH, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind CH. International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 7th ed. Oxford, U.K. Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.
13. Broders AC. Squamous-cell epithelioma of the skin: a study of 256 cases. Ann Surg.1921;73(2):141-160. [PubMed]
14. BF Morrison, B Hanchard, RP Graham, ME Reid. Penile Cancer in Jamaicans Managed at the University Hospital of the West Indies. West Indian Med J .2011;60(5):525. [PubMed]
15. Kusmawan, E., Bowolaksono, and Widiana, R. The Clinical Features of Penile Cancer Patients at Sanglah General Hospital Bali-Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal (BMJ) .2012;1(1):1-5.
16. Fabiana Braga França Wanick, Tullia Cuzzi Teichner, Rosane Silva,, Mônica Maria Ferreira Magnanini, Lucia Maria Soares de Azevedo. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: clinicopathologic study of 34 cases. An Bras Dermatol.2011;86(6):1082-91. [PubMed]
17. Xiaopeng Chen, Xuesong Li, Maurice M. Garcia, Kan Gong, Yi Song, Zhisong He, and Liqun Zhou. . Prognostic Factors in Chinese Patients With Penile Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Journal of Andrology.2012;33(6):1276-1281. [PubMed]
18. Lopes A, Hidalgo GS, Kowalski LP, Torloni H, Rossi BM, Fonseca FP. Prognostic factors in carcinoma of the penis: multivariate analysis of 145 patients treated with amputation and lymphadenectomy. J Urol.1996;156(5):1637-1642. [PubMed]
19. Shariat SF, Godoy G, Lotan Y, Droller M, Karakiewicz PI, Raman JD, Isbarn H, Weizer A, Remzi M, Roscigno M, Kikuchi E, Bolenz C, Bensalah K, Koppie TM, Kassouf W, Wheat JC, Zigeuner R, Langner C, Wood CG, Margulis V. Advanced patient age is associated with inferior cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy. BJU Int.2010;105(12):1672-1677.
20. Micali G, Innozenci D, Nasca MR. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Journal of American Academy of Dermatology .1996;35(3):432-51. [PubMed]
21. Griffiths TR, Mellon JK. Human papillomavirus and urological tumors: Basic science and role in penile cancer. British Journal Urology .1999;84(5):579-86. [PubMed]
22. Hegarty PK, Kayes O, Freeman A, Christopher N, Ralph DJ, Minhas S. A prospective study of 100 cases of penile cancer managed according to European Association of Urology guidelines. BJU Int.2006;98(3):526-531.
23. Di Capua Sacoto C, Lujan Marco S, Morales Solchaga G, Budia Alba A, Pontones Moreno JL, Jimenez Cruz JF. Cancer of the penis. Our experience in 15 years. Actas Urol Esp.2009;33(2):143-8. [PubMed]
24. Pow-Sang MR, Benavente V, Pow-Sang JE, Morante C, Meza L, Baker M, et al. Cancer of the penis. Cancer Control.2002;9(4):305-314.
2. Lynch DFJ, Pettaway CA. Tumors of the penis. In: Walsh PC (eds.)Campbell's Urology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Company; 2002. p2945-81.
3. Micali G, Innocenzi D, Nasca MR, Musumeci ML, Ferrau F, Greco M. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. J Am Acad Dermatol.1996;35(3):432-51. [PubMed]
4. Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Maldonado JL, Pow-sang J, Giuliano AR. Incidence trends in primary malignant penile cancer. Urol Oncol.2007;25(5):361-367. [PubMed]
5. Maden C, Sherman KJ, Beckmann AM, Hislop TG, Teh CZ, Ashley RL, Daling JR.. History of circumcision, medical conditions, and sexual activity and risk of penile cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst .1993;85(1):19-24. [PubMed]
6. Dillner J, von Krogh G, Horenblas S, Meijer CJ. Etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology .2000;34(205):189-93. [PubMed]
7. Demcow T. The treatment of penile carcinoma: experience in 64 cases. International Urology and Nephrology .1999;31(4):525-31. [PubMed]
8. Doehn C, Baumgartel M, Jocham D. Surgical therapy of penis carcinoma. Urologe Ausgabe A .2001;40(4):303-7. [PubMed]
9. Pandey D, Mahajan V, Kannan RR. Prognostic factors in node positive carcinoma of the penis. J Surg Oncol.2006;93(2):133-138. [PubMed]
10. Graafland NM, Moonen LM, van Boven HH, van Werkhoven E, Kerst JM, Horenblas S. Inguinal recurrence following therapeutic lymphadenectomy for node positive penile carcinoma: outcome and implications for management. J Urol.2011;185(3):888-893.
11. Solsona E, Algaba F, Horenblas S, Pizzocaro G, Windahl T. EAU. Guidelines on Penile Cancer. Eur Urol .2004;46(1):1-8. [PubMed]
12. Sobin LH, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind CH. International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 7th ed. Oxford, U.K. Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.
13. Broders AC. Squamous-cell epithelioma of the skin: a study of 256 cases. Ann Surg.1921;73(2):141-160. [PubMed]
14. BF Morrison, B Hanchard, RP Graham, ME Reid. Penile Cancer in Jamaicans Managed at the University Hospital of the West Indies. West Indian Med J .2011;60(5):525. [PubMed]
15. Kusmawan, E., Bowolaksono, and Widiana, R. The Clinical Features of Penile Cancer Patients at Sanglah General Hospital Bali-Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal (BMJ) .2012;1(1):1-5.
16. Fabiana Braga França Wanick, Tullia Cuzzi Teichner, Rosane Silva,, Mônica Maria Ferreira Magnanini, Lucia Maria Soares de Azevedo. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: clinicopathologic study of 34 cases. An Bras Dermatol.2011;86(6):1082-91. [PubMed]
17. Xiaopeng Chen, Xuesong Li, Maurice M. Garcia, Kan Gong, Yi Song, Zhisong He, and Liqun Zhou. . Prognostic Factors in Chinese Patients With Penile Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Journal of Andrology.2012;33(6):1276-1281. [PubMed]
18. Lopes A, Hidalgo GS, Kowalski LP, Torloni H, Rossi BM, Fonseca FP. Prognostic factors in carcinoma of the penis: multivariate analysis of 145 patients treated with amputation and lymphadenectomy. J Urol.1996;156(5):1637-1642. [PubMed]
19. Shariat SF, Godoy G, Lotan Y, Droller M, Karakiewicz PI, Raman JD, Isbarn H, Weizer A, Remzi M, Roscigno M, Kikuchi E, Bolenz C, Bensalah K, Koppie TM, Kassouf W, Wheat JC, Zigeuner R, Langner C, Wood CG, Margulis V. Advanced patient age is associated with inferior cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy. BJU Int.2010;105(12):1672-1677.
20. Micali G, Innozenci D, Nasca MR. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Journal of American Academy of Dermatology .1996;35(3):432-51. [PubMed]
21. Griffiths TR, Mellon JK. Human papillomavirus and urological tumors: Basic science and role in penile cancer. British Journal Urology .1999;84(5):579-86. [PubMed]
22. Hegarty PK, Kayes O, Freeman A, Christopher N, Ralph DJ, Minhas S. A prospective study of 100 cases of penile cancer managed according to European Association of Urology guidelines. BJU Int.2006;98(3):526-531.
23. Di Capua Sacoto C, Lujan Marco S, Morales Solchaga G, Budia Alba A, Pontones Moreno JL, Jimenez Cruz JF. Cancer of the penis. Our experience in 15 years. Actas Urol Esp.2009;33(2):143-8. [PubMed]
24. Pow-Sang MR, Benavente V, Pow-Sang JE, Morante C, Meza L, Baker M, et al. Cancer of the penis. Cancer Control.2002;9(4):305-314.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2014.i01.05
Published: 2019-10-31
How to Cite
1.
Latha PS, Chaitanya B, Reddy SR. A Pathologist’s perspective of penile carcinoma – an institutional study at Indian Red Cross Hospital, Nellore. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2019Oct.31 [cited 2024Nov.22];2(1):21-5. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/53
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
