A study on ocular manifestations in patients with Diabetes mellitus
Keywords:
Diabetic papillopathy, Diabetic retinopathy (DR), Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), Ocular manifestations
Abstract
Background: Ocular complications other than Diabetic Retinopathy are frequent among diabetic population. This includes diseases causing reversible and irreversible visual loss.
Aim: The aim of this study is to find out the frequency of occurrence of different ocular manifestation in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Design: Hospital based cross – sectional study on diabetic patients visiting the outpatient department of ophthalmology.
Materials and methods: A total number of 820 patients of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were included in this study. Ocular examination included oblique illumination study and slit lamp examination for all patients. Visual acuity was recorded using Snellen’s chart and intraocular pressure was measured using Gold man aplanation tonometer. A-Scan, fluorescein angiography and field charting using automated perimetry were done in selected cases. The results were recorded in a separate proforma for convenience of analysis.
Results and conclusion: Our study showed cataract as the most common ocular manifestation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) followed by diabetic retinopathy. Development of diabetic retinopathy is directly proportional to the duration of the disease. The frequency of occurrence of various manifestations is similar to that of studies conducted worldwide.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha CJ Diabetes. Current scenario of diabetes in India. 2009 Mar;1(1):18-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2008.00004.x. Epub 2008 Dec 17.
2. A. Jain, P. Goyal, P. K. Nigam, H. Gurbaksh, and R. C. Sharma. Xanthelasma Palpebrarum-clinical and biochemical profile in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi Indian J Clin Biochem. 2007 Sep; 22(2): 151–153. doi: 10.1007/BF02913335.
3. Owen CG, Newsom RS, Rudnicka AR, Barman SA, Woodward EG, Ellis TJ. Diabetes and the tortuosity of vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva. Ophthalmology. 2008 June;115(6):e27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.02.009.
4. Tavakoli M, Kallinikos PA, Efron N, Boulton AJ, Malik RA. Corneal sensitivity is reduced and relates to the severity of neuropathy in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care; 30:1895–1897, 2007Diabetes Care. 2010 Aug; 33(8): 1792–1797. Published online 2010 Apr 30. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0253.
5. Rothova A, Meenken C, Michels RPJ, Kijlstra A. Uveitis and diabetes mellitus. Am J Ophthalmol;(106):17–20,1988. [PubMed]
6. Mitchell P, Smith W, Chey T, Healey PR. Open-angle glaucoma and diabetes: the Blue Mountains eye study, Australia. Ophthalmology. 1997 Apr;104(4):712-8. [PubMed]
7. Adams JS, Raman R, Pal SS, Rani PK, Vaitheeswaran K, Sharma T Prevalence and risk factors for cataract in diabetes: Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study, report no17. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Dec;51(12):6253-61. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5414. Epub 2010 Jul 7.
8. Akram A, Niazi MK, Ishaq M, Azad N Frequency of diabetics in asteroid hyalosis patients. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2003 Jul-Sep;15(3):10-1. [PubMed]
9. Ting Chen,Delu Song,Guangliang Shan,Ke Wang,Yiwei Wang,Jin Ma ,Yong Zhong The Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Published: September 30, 2013. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076653. [PubMed]
10. Patel SV, Holmes JM, Hodge DO, Burke JP. Diabetes and hypertension in isolated sixth nerve palsy: a population-based study.Ophthalmol ;112:760–763, 2005. [PubMed]
11. Barr CC, Glaser JS, Blankenship G. Acute disc swelling in juvenile diabetes: clinical profile and natural history of 12 cases. Arch Ophthalmol ; 98:2185–2192, 1980.
12. Sato T, Fujikado T, Hosohata J, Ohji M, Tano Y. Development of bilateral, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in an eye with diabetic papillopathy. Japan J Ophthalmol;48:158–162, 2004.
13. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B, McCarthy MJ, Podhajsky P. Systemic diseases associated with various types of retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Jan;131(1):61-77. [PubMed]
14. Mitra Tavakoli, Panagiotis A. Kallinikos, Nathan Efron, Andrew J.M. Boulton, Rayaz A. Malik, corneal sensitivity is reduced and relates to the severity of neuropathy in patients with diabetes, Diabetes Care, volume 30, number 7, july 2007. [PubMed]
15. Katz J, Sommer A. Risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma. Am J Prev Med. 1988 Mar-Apr;4(2):110-4. [PubMed]
16. Murtha T, Cavallerano J. The management of diabetic eye disease in the setting of cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007 Feb; 18(1):13-8. [PubMed]
17. Yazar Z, Hanioglu S, Karakoc G, Gursel E. Asteroid hyalosis. Eur J Ophthalmol;11:57–61,2001. [PubMed]
18. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Asteroid hyalosis in a population: the Beaver Dam eye study. Am J Ophthalmol;132:70–75,2001. [PubMed]
19. Characteristics of patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy eligible for the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Nov;114(11):1366-74.
20. Watanabe K, Hagura R, Akanuma Y, Takasu T, Kajinuma H, Kuzuya N, Irie M. Characteristics of cranial nerve palsies in diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract;10:19–27, 1990. [PubMed]
21. Raman R, Ganesan S, Pal SS, Kulothungan V, Sharma T. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in rural India. Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study III (SN-DREAMS III), report no 2. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2014 Jun 6; 2(1):e000005. Doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2013-000005. ECollection 2014. [PubMed]
22. Heydari B, Yaghoubi G, Yaghoubi MA, Miri MR. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: an Iranian eye study. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012 May-Jun; 22(3):393-7. Doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000044. [PubMed]
23. Shrestha MK, Paudyal G, Wagle RR, Gurung R, Ruit S, Onta SR. Prevalence of and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among diabetics in Nepal: a hospital based study. Nepal Med Coll J. 2007 Dec;9(4):225-9.
24. Javadi MohammadAli, Katibeh Marzieh, Rafati Nasrin, Dehghan Mohammad Hossein, Zayeri Farid, Yaseri Mehdi, Sehat Mojtaba, Ahmadieh Hamid, Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Tehran province: a population-based study BMC Ophthalmology 2009 9:12 doi:10.1186/1471-2415-9-12.
25. Bamashmus M A, Gunaid A A, Khandekar R B.Diabeticretinopathy, visual impairment and ocular status among patients with diabetes mellitus in Yemen: a hospital based study. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2009 Jul-Aug; 57(4):293-8. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.53055.
26. Wang FH, Liang YB, Zhang F, Wang JJ, Wei WB, Tao QS, Sun LP, Friedman DS, Wang NL, Wong TY. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in rural China: the Handan Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2009 Mar; 116(3):461-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.10.003. Epub 2009 Jan 24.
2. A. Jain, P. Goyal, P. K. Nigam, H. Gurbaksh, and R. C. Sharma. Xanthelasma Palpebrarum-clinical and biochemical profile in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi Indian J Clin Biochem. 2007 Sep; 22(2): 151–153. doi: 10.1007/BF02913335.
3. Owen CG, Newsom RS, Rudnicka AR, Barman SA, Woodward EG, Ellis TJ. Diabetes and the tortuosity of vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva. Ophthalmology. 2008 June;115(6):e27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.02.009.
4. Tavakoli M, Kallinikos PA, Efron N, Boulton AJ, Malik RA. Corneal sensitivity is reduced and relates to the severity of neuropathy in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care; 30:1895–1897, 2007Diabetes Care. 2010 Aug; 33(8): 1792–1797. Published online 2010 Apr 30. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0253.
5. Rothova A, Meenken C, Michels RPJ, Kijlstra A. Uveitis and diabetes mellitus. Am J Ophthalmol;(106):17–20,1988. [PubMed]
6. Mitchell P, Smith W, Chey T, Healey PR. Open-angle glaucoma and diabetes: the Blue Mountains eye study, Australia. Ophthalmology. 1997 Apr;104(4):712-8. [PubMed]
7. Adams JS, Raman R, Pal SS, Rani PK, Vaitheeswaran K, Sharma T Prevalence and risk factors for cataract in diabetes: Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study, report no17. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Dec;51(12):6253-61. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5414. Epub 2010 Jul 7.
8. Akram A, Niazi MK, Ishaq M, Azad N Frequency of diabetics in asteroid hyalosis patients. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2003 Jul-Sep;15(3):10-1. [PubMed]
9. Ting Chen,Delu Song,Guangliang Shan,Ke Wang,Yiwei Wang,Jin Ma ,Yong Zhong The Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Published: September 30, 2013. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076653. [PubMed]
10. Patel SV, Holmes JM, Hodge DO, Burke JP. Diabetes and hypertension in isolated sixth nerve palsy: a population-based study.Ophthalmol ;112:760–763, 2005. [PubMed]
11. Barr CC, Glaser JS, Blankenship G. Acute disc swelling in juvenile diabetes: clinical profile and natural history of 12 cases. Arch Ophthalmol ; 98:2185–2192, 1980.
12. Sato T, Fujikado T, Hosohata J, Ohji M, Tano Y. Development of bilateral, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in an eye with diabetic papillopathy. Japan J Ophthalmol;48:158–162, 2004.
13. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B, McCarthy MJ, Podhajsky P. Systemic diseases associated with various types of retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Jan;131(1):61-77. [PubMed]
14. Mitra Tavakoli, Panagiotis A. Kallinikos, Nathan Efron, Andrew J.M. Boulton, Rayaz A. Malik, corneal sensitivity is reduced and relates to the severity of neuropathy in patients with diabetes, Diabetes Care, volume 30, number 7, july 2007. [PubMed]
15. Katz J, Sommer A. Risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma. Am J Prev Med. 1988 Mar-Apr;4(2):110-4. [PubMed]
16. Murtha T, Cavallerano J. The management of diabetic eye disease in the setting of cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007 Feb; 18(1):13-8. [PubMed]
17. Yazar Z, Hanioglu S, Karakoc G, Gursel E. Asteroid hyalosis. Eur J Ophthalmol;11:57–61,2001. [PubMed]
18. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Asteroid hyalosis in a population: the Beaver Dam eye study. Am J Ophthalmol;132:70–75,2001. [PubMed]
19. Characteristics of patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy eligible for the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Nov;114(11):1366-74.
20. Watanabe K, Hagura R, Akanuma Y, Takasu T, Kajinuma H, Kuzuya N, Irie M. Characteristics of cranial nerve palsies in diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract;10:19–27, 1990. [PubMed]
21. Raman R, Ganesan S, Pal SS, Kulothungan V, Sharma T. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in rural India. Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study III (SN-DREAMS III), report no 2. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2014 Jun 6; 2(1):e000005. Doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2013-000005. ECollection 2014. [PubMed]
22. Heydari B, Yaghoubi G, Yaghoubi MA, Miri MR. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: an Iranian eye study. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012 May-Jun; 22(3):393-7. Doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000044. [PubMed]
23. Shrestha MK, Paudyal G, Wagle RR, Gurung R, Ruit S, Onta SR. Prevalence of and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among diabetics in Nepal: a hospital based study. Nepal Med Coll J. 2007 Dec;9(4):225-9.
24. Javadi MohammadAli, Katibeh Marzieh, Rafati Nasrin, Dehghan Mohammad Hossein, Zayeri Farid, Yaseri Mehdi, Sehat Mojtaba, Ahmadieh Hamid, Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Tehran province: a population-based study BMC Ophthalmology 2009 9:12 doi:10.1186/1471-2415-9-12.
25. Bamashmus M A, Gunaid A A, Khandekar R B.Diabeticretinopathy, visual impairment and ocular status among patients with diabetes mellitus in Yemen: a hospital based study. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2009 Jul-Aug; 57(4):293-8. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.53055.
26. Wang FH, Liang YB, Zhang F, Wang JJ, Wei WB, Tao QS, Sun LP, Friedman DS, Wang NL, Wong TY. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in rural China: the Handan Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2009 Mar; 116(3):461-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.10.003. Epub 2009 Jan 24.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2016.i03.30
Published: 2016-03-31
How to Cite
1.
Nirmala P, Sundari S. A study on ocular manifestations in patients with Diabetes mellitus. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2016Mar.31 [cited 2024Dec.22];4(3):456-62. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/499
Issue
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
