A seven-year study about the epidemiology of smoking, alcohol, drugs and psychotropic consumption along with legal abortion in cases referred to forensic medicine centers in Fars since 2007-2013
Keywords:
Abortion, Alcohol, Cigarettes, Drugs, Psychotropic
Abstract
Introduction: Smoking, alcohol, and drugs consumption has increased among the women of child-bearing age. This rise and its negative consequences on the children's health have been considered by planners and WHO health centers. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of smoking, alcohol and drugs consumption among women of childbearing age who received abortion permission with either maternal or fetal causes from forensic medicine centers.
Method: This is a descriptive-analytical study which was conducted during the years 2007- 2013. The total sample size was 1,664, of which 339 and 1325 had maternal and fetal abortion causes, respectively. The items registered in the questionnaire included demographic and obstetric variables, maternal or fetal causes of abortion, the simultaneous use of hookah and cigarettes, alcohol, psychotropic substances and drugs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS software, version 11.5.
Results: The most frequent age for women was between 25 and 30 years (31.5%). The legal abortion rate was 8.5% among women aged under 20 years old. The prevalence of substance consumption was 40.7% among women with either maternal or fetal cause abortion. It was estimated that 78.3% belonged to cigarette and hookah, 14.62% to drug and psychotropic and finally 5.31% to alcohol beverage consumption.
Conclusion: In Iran, legal abortion approval is either by maternal or fetal causes. According to this study, the coincidence of pregnancy with cigarette and hookah consumption has the most prevalence. Substance abuse prevention, treatment, and control policy are one of the essential matters related to the care both before and during pregnancy.
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References
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2. Alyaemni A, Theobald S, Faragher B, Jehan K, Tolhurst R.(2013) .Gender inequities in health: an exploratory qualitative study of Saudi women’s perceptions. Women Health; 53(7):741-59. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2013.829169. [PubMed]
3. Ellertson C, Elul B, Ambardekar S, Wood L, Carroll J, Coyaji K. Accuracy of assessment of pregnancy duration by women seeking early abortions. Lancet 2000 Mar 11;355(9207):877-81. PMID:10752703. [PubMed]
4. Mawdsley SD1, Baskett TF. Outcome of the next labour in women who had a vaginal delivery in their first pregnancy. BJOG. 2000 Jul;107(7):932-4. PMID:10901567.
5. Rafraf M, Mahdavi R, Milani Sh, Mahboob SA. [Assessment of some effective factors on the weight gain during pregnancy and birth weight of newborns] [Article in Persian]. J Tabriz Univ Med Sci 2002;55:31-7.
6. Płotka J1, Narkowicz S, Polkowska Z, Biziuk M, Namieśnik J.Effects of addictive substances during pregnancy and infancy and their analysis in biological materials .Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2014;227:55-77. [PubMed]
7. Konijnenberg C1. Methodological Issues in Assessing the Impact of Prenatal Drug Exposure. Subst Abuse. 2015 Nov 8;9(Suppl 2):39-44. doi: 10.4137/SART.S23544. [PubMed]
8. United Nations Office against Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2011. (2011).availeble https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/WDR-2011.html
9. Broussard CS, Rasmussen SA, Reefhuis J, et al: Maternal treatment with opioid analgesics and risk for birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol .2011; 204(4):314e1-314e11. doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.12.039
10. Rahimi mogher A.Prevalence and patterns of drug use and addiction among women in Iran. Social Welfare (Iranian Women's pathology): 2004; 3, ( 12 ): 203 - 226.
11.Torshizi M, Saadatjoo S, Farabi M. Prevalence of narcotic substance abuse and the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women. jjums. 2011; 9 (3) :14-19. http://jmj.jums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-75&slc_lang=en&sid=1, http://www.socialwork2012.ir/?p=841
13. Nechanská B1, Mravčík V, Sopko B, Velebil P. [Pregnant women and mothers using alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs]. Ceska Gynekol. 2012 Oct;77(5):457-69.[Article in Czech] PMID:23116352
14. Narkowicz S, Płotka J, Polkowska Ż, Biziuk M, Namieśnik J. Prenatal exposure to substance of abuse: a worldwide problem. Environ Int. 2013 Apr;54:141-63. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.01.011. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed]
15. Keegan J1, Parva M, Finnegan M, Gerson A, Belden M. Addiction in pregnancy. J Addict Dis. 2010 Apr;29(2):175-91. doi: 10.1080/10550881003684723. [PubMed]
16. Cunningham FG, Kenneth JL, Steven LB, John CH, Dwight JR,Catherine YS. Williams obstetrics, Parkland Hospital.23rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2010.
17. Grella CE, Hser YI, Huang YC. Mothers in substance abuse treatment: differences in characteristics based on involvement with child welfare services. Child Abuse Negl 2006 Jan30(1):55-73. PMID:16406024.
18. Rahi E, Baneshi MR, Mirkamandar E, Haji Maghsoudi S, Rastegari A. A Comparison between APGAR Scores and Birth Weight in Infants of Addicted and Non-Addicted Mothers. Addict Health. 2011 Winter-Spring;3(1-2):61-7. PMCID: PMC3905520. [PubMed]
19. Roberts SC1, Avalos LA, Sinkford D, Foster DG.Alcohol, tobacco and drug use as reasons for abortion. Alcohol Alcohol. 2012 Nov-Dec;47(6):640-8. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/ags095. Epub 2012 Aug 22. [PubMed]
20. Lassi ZS, Imam AM, Dean SV, Bhutta ZA.Preconception care: caffeine, smoking, alcohol, drugs and other environmental chemical/radiation exposure. Reprod Health. 2014 Sep 26;11 Suppl 3:S6. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-11-S3-S6. Epub 2014 Sep 26. [PubMed]
21. Roberts SC, Avalos LA, Sinkford D, Foster DG.Alcohol, tobacco and drug use as reasons for abortion. Alcohol Alcohol. 2012 Nov-Dec;47(6):640-8. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/ags095. Epub 2012 Aug 22. [PubMed]
22. Sharifian J, Jahanian M, Tavassoli F, Tavassoli S, AfzalAghaee M, Afshari R, et al . [The fate of motherhood,fetuses and neonates in drug addicted pregnant women] [Article in Persian]. J Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci 2011;19(2):183-91.
23. De Santis M, De Luca C, Mappa I, Quattrocchi T, Angelo L, Cesari E. Smoke, alcohol consumption and illicit drug use in an Italian population of pregnant women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprodu Biol 2011 Nov;159(1):106-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.07.042. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
24. Atrak H. Philosophical reasons for abortion or not.Ethics and History in Medicine J. 2008; 1(3): 55-64. [Persian]
25. Akhavan S. Case report: A criminal abortion with uterus perfovation. Scientific Journal of Kurdestan University of Medical Sciences. 1998; 9(3): 35-7.
26. Behjati Ardakaniz, Akoondi MM, Sadeghi MR,Sadri Ardekani H. The necessity of a comprehensive study on abortion in Iran. Medical Journal of Reproduction and Infertility. 2005;24(6): 299-320.
27. Floyd RL, Jack BW, Cefalo R, Atrash H, Mahoney J, Herron A, etal. The clinical content of preconception care: alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug exposures. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Dec;199(6 Suppl 2):S333-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.018. [PubMed]
28. Simmat-Durand L1, Toutain S, Vellut N, Genest L, Crenn-Hebert C, Simonpoli AM, etal. [Maternal and obstetrical data in a retrospective cohort of 170 newborns from polydrug using mothers, in the Paris area, 1999-2008]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2010 Dec;39(8):647-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2010.06.013. Epub 2010 Aug 13.
29. Pedersen W. Childbirth, abortion and subsequent substance use in young women: a population-based longitudinal study. Addiction. 2007;102(12):1971-8. PMID:18031432.
30. United Nations Office On Drug and Crime. Epidemiology of drug use in Iran. 2007.Available from:http://www.unodc.org/iran/en/epidemiology.html2010 [cited 2010 11 Feb].
31. Sandeep C. World drug report 2011.United Nations Publication:United Nations Office On Drugs and Crime(UNODC);2011.
32. Jafari S, Rahimi Movaghar A, Baharlou S, Kevin JP. Trends of substance use in southern Iran: a qualitative study. Int J Eepidemiol 2008;6(1). ol:10.5580/12a8. http://ispub.com/IJE/6/1/7802
33.. Poorasgar N.Medical Information.Available from: htpp:// www.nimapoorasgar.blogfa.com. http://rhodium.blogsky.com/page-211
35. Uygar D. Erkaya S. Reasons Why women have induced abortions in a developing Cpuntry .European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2001; 96: 211-4.
36. Guidelines for the management of drug dependence in pregnancy, Birth (childbirth), lactation and infancy. Office of Mental Health, Social and addiction Department of prevention, Health Deputy Minister of Health and Medical Education of Iran.avalible :treatment.sbmu.ac.ir/uploads/Dependency_Management_Guide.pdf
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2016.i03.25
Published: 2016-03-31
How to Cite
1.
Ghodrati F, saadatmand N, Zarenezhad M, Akbarzadeh M. A seven-year study about the epidemiology of smoking, alcohol, drugs and psychotropic consumption along with legal abortion in cases referred to forensic medicine centers in Fars since 2007-2013. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2016Mar.31 [cited 2024Nov.8];4(3):424-31. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/494
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