Treadmill test in hypothyroidism
Keywords:
Thyroid hormone, Treadmill test, hypothyroidism
Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid hormone has a profound effect on a number of metabolic processes in virtually all tissues, with the heart being particularly sensitive to its effects. The hypothyroidism leads to increased body weight, hyperlipidemia and hypertension are the risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Material and Methods: The hypothyroid patients were subjected to tread mill test and other required tests and results analyzed statistically.
Results: tread mill test was positive in females more with history of previous risk factor for CAD and resting ECG changes with sedentary life style and tobacco addiction.
Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is a definite risk factor for ischemic heart disease and exercise stress testing can help in early detection of occult coronary artery disease.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Zondek H; Das myxödemherz. München Med Wehnsch 1918; 2:1180-2. 2.
2. Froelicher VF Jr, Wolthius R, Keiser N, Stewart A, Fischer J, Longo MR Jr, Triebwasser JH, Lancaster MC. A comparison of two bipolar exercise electrocardiographic leads to lead V5. Chest. 1976 Nov;70(5):611-6.
3. Christian Meier, Peter Trittibach, Merih Gugliemetti, Jean Jacques Staub and Beat Muller: TSH in assessment of severity of tissue hypothyroidism in patients with overt primary thyroid failure: Cross sectional survey. B.M.J. 8 Feb 2003;vol. 326. [PubMed]
4. Bruce RA, McDonough JR. Stress testing in screening for cardiovascular disease. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1969 Dec;45(12):1288-305. [PubMed]
5. Kc R, Khatiwada S2, Deo Mehta K3, Pandey P4, Lamsal M3, Majhi S3. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Case Control Study in Nepalese Population. J Thyroid Res. 2015;2015:305241. doi: 10.1155/2015/305241. Epub 2015 Oct 7. [PubMed]
6. Flynn RW, MacDonald TM, Morris AD, Jung RT, Leese GP. The thyroid epidemiology, audit, and research study: thyroid dysfunction in the general population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;89(8):3879-84. [PubMed]
7. Ahmad N, Bhopal R. Is coronary heart disease rising in India? A systematic review based on ECG defined coronary heart disease. Heart. 2005 Jun;91(6):719-25. [PubMed]
8. Gopinath N, Chadha SL, Jain P, Shekhawat S, Tandon R. An epidemiological study of coronary heart disease in different ethnic groups in Delhi urban population. J Assoc Physicians India. 1995 Jan;43(1):30-3.
9. Gopinath N, Chadha SL, Jain P, Shekhawat S, Tandon R. Hindu-Muslim differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease and risk factors. J Indian Med Assoc. 2002 Apr;100(4):227-30.
10. Singh RB, Sharma JP and Rastogi V et al. Prevalence of coronary artery disease and coronary risk factors in rural and urban populations of north India. Eur. Heart J. 1997;18: 1728-35.
11. Morris DP; Brunner. Physical activity and coronary artery disease. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus. 1974; Pg-231.
12. Gupta R, Prakash H, Majumdar S. Prevalence of coronary heart disease and coronary risk factors in an urban population of Rajasthan. Ind.Heart.J. 1995;47:331-8. [PubMed]
13. Chadha SL, Gopinath N, Shekhawat S. Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Delhi. Bull World Health Organ. 1997;75(1):31-8. [PubMed]
14. Shrivastava R, Jain MK, Khanijo SK. Observation on hypertension with special reference to Treadmill test. A thesis of Doctor of Medicine, APS University, Rewa, 1992.
15. W. Jaiswani. T.M.T, in tobacco chewers. A thesis of Doctors of Medicine, APS University, Rewa, 1994.
16. Abdu TA, Elhadd T, Pfeifer M, Clayton RN. Endothelial dysfunction in endocrine disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2001;12: 257-265. [PubMed]
17. Saito I, Ito K, Saruta T. Hypothyroidism as a cause of hypertension. Hypertension. 1983 Jan-Feb;5(1):112-5. [PubMed]
18. Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983 May;67(5):968-77. [PubMed]
19. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Latha E, Satyavani K, Vijay V. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in urban Asian Indians. Diabetes Care. 1998 Jun;21(6):967-71. [PubMed]
20. R. Luboshitzky, A. Aviv, P. Herer, L. Lavie. “Risk factorsfor cardiovascular disease in women with subclinical hypothyroidism,”Thyroid, 2002; vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 421–425.
21. Sharma R, Sharma TK, Kaushik GG, Sharma S, Vardey SK, Sinha M. Subclinical hypothyroidism and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Clin Lab. 2011;57(9-10):719-24. [PubMed]
22. A Roos, SK Zoet-Nugteren, A Berghout. Evaluation of cardiac ischemia in cardiac asymptomatic newly diagnosed untreated patients with primary hypothyroidism. The Journal of Medicine (Netherland), March-2005-Vol-63, No- 3.
23. Giral P, Bruckert E, Dairou F, Boubrit K, Drobinski G, Chapman JM, Beucler I, Turpin G. Usefulness in predicting coronary artery disease by ultrasonic evaluation of the carotid arteries inasymptomatic hypercholesterolemic patients with positive exercise stress tests. Am J Cardiol. 1999 Jul 1;84(1):14-7.
24. Ben Ameur Y, Yaacoub A, Haggui A, Terras M, Battikh K, Longo S, Kraiem S, Slimane ML. [Coronary disease in hypothyroidism. 10 case reports]. Tunis Med. 2003 Dec;81(12):944-8.
25.Christopher Jones R, Pothier CE, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS. Prognostic importance of presenting symptoms in patients undergoing exercise testing for evaluation ofknown or suspected coronary disease. Am J Med. 2004 Sep 15;117(6):380-9.
26. Bergeron S, Ommen SR, Bailey KR, Oh JK, McCully RB, Pellikka PA. Exercise echocardiographic findings and outcome of patients referred for evaluation of dyspnea. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Jun 16;43(12):2242-6.
27. Bodegard J, Erikssen G, Bjornholt JV, Thelle D, Erikssen J. Possible angina detected by the WHO angina questionnaire in apparently healthy men with a normal exerciseECG: coronary heart disease or not? A 26 year follow up study. Heart. 2004 Jun;90(6):627-32. [PubMed]
28. Kansal S, Roitman D, Sheffield LT. Stress testing with ST-segment depression at rest. An angiographic correlation. Circulation. 1976 Oct;54(4):636-9.
29. Sham M, Sharif-Kazemi MB, Lankarani KB, Sadegholvad AS, Omrani GR. Are serum thyrotropin level and Subclinical hypothyroidism predisposing factors for coronary artery disease? Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005;2:67-73. [PubMed]
30. Kerber RE, Sherman B. Echocardiographic evaluation of pericardial effusion in myxedema. Incidence and biochemical and clinical correlations. Circulation. 1975 Nov;52(5):823-7. [PubMed]
31. Bernadette Biondi, Serafino Fazio, Emilliano Antonio Palmieri and Luigi Sacca et al; Left Ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with Sub clinical hypothyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol and Metab. 1999.
32. Dubach P, Froelicher VF, Klein J, Oakes D, Grover-McKay M, Friis R. Exercise-induced hypotension in a male population. Criteria, causes, and prognosis. Circulation. 1988 Dec;78(6):1380-7.
33. A Roos, SK Zoet-Nugteren, A Berghout; Evaluation of cardiac ischemia in cardiac asymptomatic newly diagnosed untreated patients with primary hypothyroidism. The Journal of Medicine (Netherland). March-2005-Vol-63, No- 3.
2. Froelicher VF Jr, Wolthius R, Keiser N, Stewart A, Fischer J, Longo MR Jr, Triebwasser JH, Lancaster MC. A comparison of two bipolar exercise electrocardiographic leads to lead V5. Chest. 1976 Nov;70(5):611-6.
3. Christian Meier, Peter Trittibach, Merih Gugliemetti, Jean Jacques Staub and Beat Muller: TSH in assessment of severity of tissue hypothyroidism in patients with overt primary thyroid failure: Cross sectional survey. B.M.J. 8 Feb 2003;vol. 326. [PubMed]
4. Bruce RA, McDonough JR. Stress testing in screening for cardiovascular disease. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1969 Dec;45(12):1288-305. [PubMed]
5. Kc R, Khatiwada S2, Deo Mehta K3, Pandey P4, Lamsal M3, Majhi S3. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Case Control Study in Nepalese Population. J Thyroid Res. 2015;2015:305241. doi: 10.1155/2015/305241. Epub 2015 Oct 7. [PubMed]
6. Flynn RW, MacDonald TM, Morris AD, Jung RT, Leese GP. The thyroid epidemiology, audit, and research study: thyroid dysfunction in the general population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;89(8):3879-84. [PubMed]
7. Ahmad N, Bhopal R. Is coronary heart disease rising in India? A systematic review based on ECG defined coronary heart disease. Heart. 2005 Jun;91(6):719-25. [PubMed]
8. Gopinath N, Chadha SL, Jain P, Shekhawat S, Tandon R. An epidemiological study of coronary heart disease in different ethnic groups in Delhi urban population. J Assoc Physicians India. 1995 Jan;43(1):30-3.
9. Gopinath N, Chadha SL, Jain P, Shekhawat S, Tandon R. Hindu-Muslim differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease and risk factors. J Indian Med Assoc. 2002 Apr;100(4):227-30.
10. Singh RB, Sharma JP and Rastogi V et al. Prevalence of coronary artery disease and coronary risk factors in rural and urban populations of north India. Eur. Heart J. 1997;18: 1728-35.
11. Morris DP; Brunner. Physical activity and coronary artery disease. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus. 1974; Pg-231.
12. Gupta R, Prakash H, Majumdar S. Prevalence of coronary heart disease and coronary risk factors in an urban population of Rajasthan. Ind.Heart.J. 1995;47:331-8. [PubMed]
13. Chadha SL, Gopinath N, Shekhawat S. Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Delhi. Bull World Health Organ. 1997;75(1):31-8. [PubMed]
14. Shrivastava R, Jain MK, Khanijo SK. Observation on hypertension with special reference to Treadmill test. A thesis of Doctor of Medicine, APS University, Rewa, 1992.
15. W. Jaiswani. T.M.T, in tobacco chewers. A thesis of Doctors of Medicine, APS University, Rewa, 1994.
16. Abdu TA, Elhadd T, Pfeifer M, Clayton RN. Endothelial dysfunction in endocrine disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2001;12: 257-265. [PubMed]
17. Saito I, Ito K, Saruta T. Hypothyroidism as a cause of hypertension. Hypertension. 1983 Jan-Feb;5(1):112-5. [PubMed]
18. Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983 May;67(5):968-77. [PubMed]
19. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Latha E, Satyavani K, Vijay V. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in urban Asian Indians. Diabetes Care. 1998 Jun;21(6):967-71. [PubMed]
20. R. Luboshitzky, A. Aviv, P. Herer, L. Lavie. “Risk factorsfor cardiovascular disease in women with subclinical hypothyroidism,”Thyroid, 2002; vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 421–425.
21. Sharma R, Sharma TK, Kaushik GG, Sharma S, Vardey SK, Sinha M. Subclinical hypothyroidism and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Clin Lab. 2011;57(9-10):719-24. [PubMed]
22. A Roos, SK Zoet-Nugteren, A Berghout. Evaluation of cardiac ischemia in cardiac asymptomatic newly diagnosed untreated patients with primary hypothyroidism. The Journal of Medicine (Netherland), March-2005-Vol-63, No- 3.
23. Giral P, Bruckert E, Dairou F, Boubrit K, Drobinski G, Chapman JM, Beucler I, Turpin G. Usefulness in predicting coronary artery disease by ultrasonic evaluation of the carotid arteries inasymptomatic hypercholesterolemic patients with positive exercise stress tests. Am J Cardiol. 1999 Jul 1;84(1):14-7.
24. Ben Ameur Y, Yaacoub A, Haggui A, Terras M, Battikh K, Longo S, Kraiem S, Slimane ML. [Coronary disease in hypothyroidism. 10 case reports]. Tunis Med. 2003 Dec;81(12):944-8.
25.Christopher Jones R, Pothier CE, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS. Prognostic importance of presenting symptoms in patients undergoing exercise testing for evaluation ofknown or suspected coronary disease. Am J Med. 2004 Sep 15;117(6):380-9.
26. Bergeron S, Ommen SR, Bailey KR, Oh JK, McCully RB, Pellikka PA. Exercise echocardiographic findings and outcome of patients referred for evaluation of dyspnea. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Jun 16;43(12):2242-6.
27. Bodegard J, Erikssen G, Bjornholt JV, Thelle D, Erikssen J. Possible angina detected by the WHO angina questionnaire in apparently healthy men with a normal exerciseECG: coronary heart disease or not? A 26 year follow up study. Heart. 2004 Jun;90(6):627-32. [PubMed]
28. Kansal S, Roitman D, Sheffield LT. Stress testing with ST-segment depression at rest. An angiographic correlation. Circulation. 1976 Oct;54(4):636-9.
29. Sham M, Sharif-Kazemi MB, Lankarani KB, Sadegholvad AS, Omrani GR. Are serum thyrotropin level and Subclinical hypothyroidism predisposing factors for coronary artery disease? Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005;2:67-73. [PubMed]
30. Kerber RE, Sherman B. Echocardiographic evaluation of pericardial effusion in myxedema. Incidence and biochemical and clinical correlations. Circulation. 1975 Nov;52(5):823-7. [PubMed]
31. Bernadette Biondi, Serafino Fazio, Emilliano Antonio Palmieri and Luigi Sacca et al; Left Ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with Sub clinical hypothyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol and Metab. 1999.
32. Dubach P, Froelicher VF, Klein J, Oakes D, Grover-McKay M, Friis R. Exercise-induced hypotension in a male population. Criteria, causes, and prognosis. Circulation. 1988 Dec;78(6):1380-7.
33. A Roos, SK Zoet-Nugteren, A Berghout; Evaluation of cardiac ischemia in cardiac asymptomatic newly diagnosed untreated patients with primary hypothyroidism. The Journal of Medicine (Netherland). March-2005-Vol-63, No- 3.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2016.i03.09
Published: 2016-03-31
How to Cite
1.
Nigam P, Baghel PK. Treadmill test in hypothyroidism. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2016Mar.31 [cited 2024Dec.22];4(3):338-46. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/481
Issue
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
