Impact of obesity on vitamin D and calcium status
Keywords:
Obesity, Vitamin D, Calcium
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome. Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults and children. Obesity is associated with vitamin D insufficiency and hyperparathyroidism, secondary hypercalcemia. The purpose of this study is to test effect of obesity on Vitamin D and calcium level.
Methods: The present study investigated effect of obesity on Vitamin D and calcium level. We studied 150 Subjects with no pre-existing disease and not taking any nutritional suppliments for vitamin D. At a baseline they were asked about their family history of obesity. Subjects are investigated for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] and serum Total calcium level to study effect of obesity on vitamin D and calcium status.
Results: Out of 150 subjects included in the study, 107 had obesity and 43 subjects was non-obese. The Body Mass Index less than 30 is taken as cut off point for defining obesity. The mean value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 13ng/ml in the group of obese people and the same was 28ng/ml in the group of non-obese individuals. This change was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean value of serum Total calcium level was 13mg/dl in the group of obese people and the same was 10mg/dl in the group of non-obese individuals. This change was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: It is concluded that obese individuals are increased risk of developing Vitamin D Deficiency and secondary hypercalcemia.
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References
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33. Rickers H, Christiansen C, Balslev I, Rødbro P. Impairment of vitamin D metabolism and bone mineral content after intestinal bypass for obesity. A longitudinal study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1984 Mar;19(2):184-9.
2. Childhood obesity: an emerging public-health problem. Lancet. 2001 Jun 23;357(9273):1989. [PubMed]
3. Bennett N, Todd T, Flately J. Health survey for England 1993. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; 1995.
4. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva, 3-5 June 1997. Geneva;World Health Organization; 1998. WHO document WHO/NUT/NCD/98.1.
5. Popkin BM, Doak CM. The obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon. Nutr Rev. 1998 Apr;56(4 Pt 1):106-14. [PubMed]
6. Mann JI. Diet and risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2002 Sep 7;360(9335):783-9. [PubMed]
7. Must A, Spadano J, Coakley EH, Field AE, Colditz G, Dietz WH. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA. 1999 Oct 27;282(16):1523-9. [PubMed]
8. Allison DB, Zannolli R, Narayan KM. The direct health care costs of obesity in the United States. Am J Public Health. 1999 Aug;89(8):1194-9. [PubMed]
9. Sundquist J, Johansson SE. The influence of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and lifestyle on body mass index in a longitudinal study. Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Feb;27(1):57-63. [PubMed]
10. Ross JG, Pate RR , Lohman TG, Christenson GM. Changes in the body composition of children. J Phys Educ Rec Dance 1987; 58:74-77. [PubMed]
11. Sundquist J, Johansson SE. The influence of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and lifestyle on body mass index in a longitudinal study. [PubMed]
12. Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1728-32. [PubMed]
13. Power C, Lake JK, Cole TJ. Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997 Jul;21(7):507-26. [PubMed]
14. Bray GA, Bouchard C, James WPT. Handbook of Obesity. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1998. [PubMed]
15. Must A, Strauss RS. Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999 Mar;23 Suppl 2:S2-11. [PubMed]
16. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3. [PubMed]
17. Guillaume M. Defining obesity in childhood: current practice. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jul;70(1):126S-30S. [PubMed]
18. Zerwekh JE. Blood biomarkers of vitamin D status. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):1087S-91S. [PubMed]
19. Thacher TD , Clarke BL, 2011 Vitamin D Insufficiency. Mayo Clin Proc. 86(1); 50–60. [6] Levis S, Gomez A, Jimenez C, et al. 2006 Vitamin d deficiency and seasonal variation in an adult South Florida population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90;1557–1562. [PubMed]
20. Lips P. Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev. 2001 Aug;22(4):477-501.
21. Zittermann A, Schleithoff SS, Tenderich G, Berthold HK, Körfer R, Stehle P. Low vitamin D status: a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Jan 1;41(1):105-12.
22. Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1678S-88S.
23. Current status of Vitamin D deficiency disorders in India. Urvashi Mehlawat, et al., IPP, Vol 2 (2), 328-335, 2014.
24. G R, Gupta A. Vitamin D deficiency in India: prevalence, causalities and interventions. Nutrients. 2014 Feb 21;6(2):729-75. doi: 10.3390/nu6020729. [PubMed]
25. Bell NH, Epstein S, Greene A, Shary J, Oexmann MJ, Shaw S. Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. J Clin Invest. 1985 Jul;76(1):370-3. [PubMed]
26. Liel Y, Ulmer E, Shary J, Hollis BW, Bell NH. Low circulating vitamin D in obesity. Calcif Tissue Int. 1988 Oct;43(4):199-201. [PubMed]
27. Compston JE, Vedi S, Ledger JE, Webb A, Gazet JC, Pilkington TR. Vitamin D status and bone histomorphometry in gross obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Nov;34(11):2359-63. [PubMed]
28. Hey H, Stokholm KH, Lund B, Lund B, Sørensen OH. Vitamin D deficiency in obese patients and changes in circulating vitamin D metabolites following jejunoileal bypass. Int J Obes. 1982;6(5):473-9. [PubMed]
29. Hyldstrup L, Andersen T, McNair P, Breum L, Transbøl I. Bone metabolism in obesity: changes related to severe overweight and dietary weight reduction. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1993 Nov;129(5):393-8.
30. Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):690-3. [PubMed]
31. Atkinson, R. L., W. T. Dahms, G. A. Bray, and A. A. Schwartz. 1978. Parathyroid hormone levels in obesity: effects of intestinal bypass surgery. Miner. Electrolyte Metab. 1:315-320. [PubMed]
32. Teitelbaum SL, Halverson JD, Bates M, Wise L, Haddad JG. Abnormalities of circulating 25-OH vitamin D after jejunal-lleal bypass for obesity: evidence of an adaptive response. Ann Intern Med. 1977 Mar;86(3):289-93. [PubMed]
33. Rickers H, Christiansen C, Balslev I, Rødbro P. Impairment of vitamin D metabolism and bone mineral content after intestinal bypass for obesity. A longitudinal study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1984 Mar;19(2):184-9.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2016.i02.022
Published: 2016-02-29
How to Cite
1.
Shah P, P Chauhan A. Impact of obesity on vitamin D and calcium status. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2016Feb.29 [cited 2024May9];4(2):273-80. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/468
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Original Article
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