Oxidative stress during spontaneous vaginal delivery: comparison between maternal and neonatal oxidative status
Keywords:
Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidation, Oxidative stress, Labour
Abstract
Introduction: Spontaneous vaginal delivery inflicts a change in the redox status of the mother and the neonate. Hypoxia followed by reperfusion during powerful labour contractions causes increased generation of free radicals affecting the maternal oxidative status. The difference that exists between the extra uterine and intra uterine environment in the partial pressures of oxygen can induce free radical formation which affects the antioxidant mechanism of the neonate during vaginal delivery. The present study was aimed at quantifying the changes with respect to oxidative stress that occurs in uncomplicated laborin both the mother and newborn.
Method: 20 singlet on term pregnant women in labour without any complications, delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery were included in our study. Estimation of plasma MDA (Malondialdehyde) as a marker of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants like SOD (Superoxide dismutase), Total reduced Glutathione (GSH), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) in hemolysate were performed using spectrophotometric method from cord blood and women in labour respectively.
Result: The results showed significantly elevated plasma MDA in cord blood compared to maternal plasma MDA, before (P<0.001) and after delivery (P<0.001). Statistically significant higher GSH levels in the cord blood was observed compared to maternal GSH levels both before (P <0.05) and after delivery (P< 0.05). Maternal GPX level was significantly elevated when compared to cord (P< 0.05). However, SOD levels did not show any significant change.
Conclusion: Vaginal delivery predisposes the neonate to increased oxidative stress when compared to maternal system which is reflected as an alteration in their antioxidant levels.
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References
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35. Noor N, Islam N, Moin S, Mahdi AA, Jaiswal S, Bano F. Normal delivery induced stress alters glutathione peroxidase and TNF-α in elderly primigravidas mononuclear cells. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2008 Jul;23(3):227-32. doi: 10.1007/s12291-008-0051-1. Epub 2008 Oct 1.
36. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Kelly FJ, Briley A, Hunt BJ, Charnock-Jones DS, Mallet A, Poston L. Vitamin C and E supplementation in women at risk of preeclampsia is associated with changes in indices of oxidative stress and placental function. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Sep;187(3):777-84.
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38. Da Costa LA, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A. Nutrigenetics and modulation of oxidative stress. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;60 Suppl 3:27-36. doi: 10.1159/000337311. Epub 2012 May 15.
2. Rogers MS, Mongelli JM, Tsang KH, Wang CC, Law KP. Lipid peroxidation in cord blood at birth: the effect of labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998 Jul;105(7):739-44. [PubMed]
3. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview. Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:1-85. [PubMed]
4. Davidge ST, Hubel CA, Brayden RD, Capeless EC, McLaughlin MK. Sera antioxidant activity in uncomplicated and preeclamptic pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Jun;79(6):897-901. [PubMed]
5. Carone D, Loverro G, Greco P, Capuano F, Selvaggi L. Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells during normal and diabetic pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1993 Oct;51(2):103-9.
6. Łagód L, Paszkowski T, Sikorski R, Rola R. [The antioxidant-prooxidant balance in pregnancy complicated by spontaneous abortion]. Ginekol Pol. 2001 Dec;72(12):1073-8. [PubMed]
7. Little RE, Gladen BC. Levels of lipid peroxides in uncomplicated pregnancy: a review of the literature. Reprod Toxicol. 1999 Sep-Oct;13(5):347-52. [PubMed]
8. Nakai A, Oya A, Kobe H, Asakura H, Yokota A, Koshino T, Araki T. Changes in maternal lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzymatic activities before and after delivery. J Nippon Med Sch. 2000 Dec;67(6):434-9. [PubMed]
9. Walsh SW, Wang Y, Jesse R. Peroxide induces vasoconstriction in the human placenta by stimulating thromboxane. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Oct;169(4):1007-12. [PubMed]
10. Takagi, Y., Nikaido, T., Toki, T., Kita, N., Kanai, M., Ashida, T., Ohira, S. and Konishi, I.Levels of oxidative stress and redox-related molecules in the placenta in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Virchows Arch.2004 Jan; 444(1):49-55. Epub 2003 Oct 22. [PubMed]
11. Woods JR Jr, Cavanaugh JL, Norkus EP, Plessinger MA, Miller RK. The effect of labor on maternal and fetal vitamins C and E. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Nov;187(5):1179-83. [PubMed]
12. Maximo V, Miguel A, Juan S, Anna L, Fernando G, Jose V. Oxidative stress in a asphyxiated term infants resuscitatead with 100% Oxygen. J Pediatr. 2003 Jun; 142(6):616.
13. Georgeson GD, Szony BJ, Streitman K, Varga IS, Kovács A, Kovács L, László A. Antioxidant enzyme activities are decreased in preterm infants and in neonates born via caesarean section. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002 Jul 10;103(2):136-9. [PubMed]
14. Saugstad OD. Mechanisms of tissue injury by oxygen radicals: implications for neonatal disease. Acta Paediatr. 1996 Jan;85(1):1-4. [PubMed]
15. Bolisetty S, Naidoo D, Lui K, Koh TH, Watson D, Whitehall J. Antenatal supplementation of antioxidant vitamins to reduce the oxidative stress at delivery--a pilot study. Early Hum Dev. 2002 Apr;67(1-2):47-53. [PubMed]
16. Al-Shebly MM, Mansour MA. Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in diabetic and hypertensive women during labor. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:329743. doi: 10.1155/2012/329743. Epub 2012 Jul 24. [PubMed]
17. Cynamon HA, Isenberg JN, Nguyen CH. Erythrocyte malondialdehyde release in vitro: a functional measure of vitamin E status. Clin Chim Acta. 1985 Sep 30;151(2):169-76.
18. Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 1974 Sep 16;47(3):469-74. [PubMed]
19. Moron MS. Estimation of glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione S transferase in rat lung and liver. Biochemistry Biophysics Acta1979; 582: 67 – 8.
20. Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science. 1973 Feb 9;179(4073):588-90. [PubMed]
21. Stípek S, Mĕchurová A, Crkovská J, Zima T, Pláteník J. Lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in umbilical and maternal blood. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1995 Apr;35(4):705-11. [PubMed]
22. Uotila J, Tuimala R, Aarnio T, Pyykkö K, Ahotupa M. Lipid peroxidation products, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase and vitamin E in normal pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1991 Nov 26;42(2):95-100.
23. Arikan S, Konukoğlu D, Arikan C, Akçay T, Davas I. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in maternal and cord blood. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2001;51(3):145-9. [PubMed]
24. Rao G, Kamath U, Raghothama C, Pradeep KS, Rao P. Maternal and fetal indicators of oxidative stress in various obstetric complications. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2003 Jul;18(2):80-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02867371. [PubMed]
25. Many A, Roberts JM. Increased xanthine oxidase during labour--implications for oxidative stress .Placenta. 1997 Nov;18(8):725-6. [PubMed]
26. Lees MH, Hill JD, Ochsner AJ 3rd, Thomas CL, Novy MJ. Maternal placental and myometrial blood flow of the rhesus monkey during uterine contractions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1971 May 1;110(1):68-81. [PubMed]
27. Kelly RW. Inflammatory mediators and parturition. Rev Reprod. 1996 May;1(2):89-96. [PubMed]
28. Calderon TC, Wu W, Rawson RA, Sakala EP, Sowers LC, Boskovic DS, Angeles DM. Effect of mode of birth on purine and malondialdehyde in umbilical arterial plasma in normal term newborns. J Perinatol. 2008 Jul;28(7):475-81. doi: 10.1038/jp.2008.29. Epub 2008 Mar 27. [PubMed]
29. Argüelles S, Machado MJ, Ayala A, Machado A, Hervías B. Correlation between circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress of maternal and umbilical cord blood at birth. Free Radic Res. 2006 Jun;40(6):565-70.
30. Kharb S. Low whole blood glutathione levels in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and diabetes. Clin Chim Acta. 2000 Apr;294(1-2):179-83.
31. Buhimschi IA, Buhimschi CS, Pupkin M, Weiner CP. Beneficial impact of term labor: nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve in the human fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;189(1):181-8. [PubMed]
32. Buhimschi IA, Buhimschi CS, Weiner CP. Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against fetal death and preterm labor induced by maternal inflammation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jan;188(1):203-8. [PubMed]
33. Mihailović M, Cvetković M, Ljubić A, Kosanović M, Nedeljković S, Jovanović I, Pesut O. Selenium and malondialdehyde content and glutathione peroxidase activity in maternal and umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000 Jan;73(1):47-54. [PubMed]
34. Telfer JF, Thomson AJ, Cameron IT, Greer IA, Norman JE. Expression of superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase in myometrium, fetal membranes and placenta during normal human pregnancy and parturition. Hum Reprod. 1997 Oct;12(10):2306-12.
35. Noor N, Islam N, Moin S, Mahdi AA, Jaiswal S, Bano F. Normal delivery induced stress alters glutathione peroxidase and TNF-α in elderly primigravidas mononuclear cells. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2008 Jul;23(3):227-32. doi: 10.1007/s12291-008-0051-1. Epub 2008 Oct 1.
36. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Kelly FJ, Briley A, Hunt BJ, Charnock-Jones DS, Mallet A, Poston L. Vitamin C and E supplementation in women at risk of preeclampsia is associated with changes in indices of oxidative stress and placental function. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Sep;187(3):777-84.
37. Mistry HD, Williams PJ. The importance of antioxidant micronutrients in pregnancy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2011;2011:841749. doi: 10.1155/2011/841749. Epub 2011 Sep 13.
38. Da Costa LA, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A. Nutrigenetics and modulation of oxidative stress. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;60 Suppl 3:27-36. doi: 10.1159/000337311. Epub 2012 May 15.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2016.i01.010
Published: 2016-01-31
How to Cite
1.
M C, Mathangi DC, Johnson P. Oxidative stress during spontaneous vaginal delivery: comparison between maternal and neonatal oxidative status. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2016Jan.31 [cited 2024Apr.18];4(1):60-6. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/434
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
