Correlation of maternal age with placenta previa
Keywords:
Maternal Age, Placenta Previa, Advanced Maternal Age
Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of maternal age on incidence of placenta previa.
Introduction: Placenta previa is a serious and life threatening obstetric complication where the placenta lies within the lower segment of the uterus, presenting an obstruction to the cervix and to delivery. A trend of increasing placenta previa incidence was observed in the past decade mainly because of an increasing caesarean section rate and advancing maternal age at the time of pregnancy.
Methods: This study was a prospective study conducted in a teaching medical college and hospital over a period of two and a half years [2011- 2014]. A detailed history was taken according to our proforma for all pregnant women at or after 32 weeks who attended the hospital in the study period. As per inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study, the study population was selected. All other risk factors for placenta previa except maternal age were excluded. The association between maternal age and placenta previa was analysed. Placenta was located by Transabdominal ultrasound and patients with placenta previa were followed up regularly.
Results: Our study showed that women aged ≥35 years or more had increased risk of placenta previa(3.6%) which was statistically significant (p<0.05) by Chi-square test.
Conclusion- Advancing maternal age (≥ 35years) appears to increase the risk of placenta previa independent of other risk factors.
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References
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27. Lydon -Rochelle M, Holt VL, Easterling TR, and Martin DP: First - birth cesarean and placental abruption or previa at second birth. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97(5):765-769. [PubMed]
28. Gorodeski IG, Bahari CM. The effect of placenta previa localization upon maternal and fetal - neonatal outcome. J Perinat Med 1987; 15(2):169-77. [PubMed]
29. Francois K, Johnson JM, Harris C. Is placenta previa more common in multiple gestations? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003 May; 188(5): 1226-7. [PubMed]
30. Strong T, Brar H. Placenta previa in twin gestations. J Reprod med. 1989 Jun; 34(6):415-6. [PubMed]
31. Babinszki A, Kerenyi T, Torok O, Grazi V, Lapinski RH, Berkowitz RL. Perinatal outcome in grand and great grand multiparity: effects of parity on obstetric risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999(Sep); 181(3):669-74. [PubMed]
32. Eniola AO, Bako AU, Selo -Ojeme DO. Risk factors for placenta previa in Southern Nigeria. East Afr Med J.2002 Oct; 79(10):535-8. [PubMed]
33. Laverty PL. Placenta previa. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Sep; 33(3):414-21. [PubMed]
34. Rose GL, Chapman MG. Aetiological factors in placenta previa- a case controlled study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1986 Jun; 93(6): 586-8. [PubMed]
35. Monica G, Lilja C. Placenta previa, maternal smoking and recurrence risk. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand. 1995 May; 74(5): 341-5. [PubMed]
36. Silver RM, Landon MB, Rouse DJ et al: Maternal morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 2006 Jun; 107(6):1226-32. [PubMed]
37. Miller DA, Diaz FG, Paul RH: Incidence of placenta previa with previous cesarean. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174:345.
2. Cunningham FG, Gant NF, Leveno KL, Gilstrap III LC, Hauth JC, Wenstrom KD. Williams Obstetrics. 21st Ed. New York (NY): Mc Graw Hill; 2001.
3. Crane JMG, Van den Hof MC, Dodds L, Armson BA, Liston R. Maternal complications with placenta previa. Am J Perinatol 2000; 17(2): 101-5. [PubMed]
4. Love CD, Wallace EM. Pregnancies complicated by placenta previa: what is appropriate management? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996 Sep; 103(9):864-7. [PubMed]
5. Crane JMG, Van den Hof MC, Dodds L, Armson BA, Liston R. Neonatal outcomes with placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol 1999 Apr; 93(4):541-4. [PubMed]
6. Cleary -Goldman J, Malone FD, Vidaver J et al: Impact of maternal age on obstetric outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 105:983-90. [PubMed]
7. Gallagher P, Fagan CJ, Bedi DG, Winsett MZ, Reyes RN. Potential placenta previa: definition, frequency and significance. Am J Roentgenol. 1987 Nov; 149(5): 1013-5. [PubMed]
8. Anderson ES, Steinke NMS. The clinical significance of asymptomatic mid-trimester low placentation diagnosed by ultrasound. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988; 67(4): 339-41. [PubMed]
9.Taipale P, Hiilesman V, Ylostalo P. Transvaginal ultrasonography at 18- 23 weeks in predicting placenta previa at delivery. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Dec; 12(6):422-5.
10. Mustafe SA, Brizot ML, Carvelho MHB, Watanabe L, Kahhale S, Zugaib M. Transvaginal ultrasonography in predicting placenta previa at delivery: a longitudinal study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Oct; 20(4): 356-9.
11. Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzielos A. The association of placenta previa with history of cesarean delivery and abortion: a Meta analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997 Nov; 177(5): 1071-8. [PubMed]
12. Frederiksen MC, Glassenberg R, Stika C. Placenta previa: a 22- year analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180(6pt1): 1432-7. [PubMed]
13. Ziadeh S, Yahaya A. Pregnancy outcome at age 40 and older. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2001 Mar; 265(1): 30-3. [PubMed]
14. Sheiner E, Shoham- Vardi I, Hallak M, Hershkowitz R, Katz M, Mazor M. Placenta previa: obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Med 2001 Dec; 10(6): 414-9. [PubMed]
15. Parazzini F, Dindelli M, Luchini L, La Rosa M, Potenza MT, Frigerio L, et al. Risk factors for placenta previa. Placenta 1994 Apr; 15(3):321-6. [PubMed]
16. Abu-Heija A, El-Jallad F, Ziadeh S. Placenta previa: effect of age, gravidity, parity and previous cesarean section. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1999; 47(1):6-8. [PubMed]
17. Hershkowitz R, Fraser D, Mazor M, Leiberman JR. One or multiple previous cesarean sections are associated with similar increased frequency of placenta previa. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1995; 62:185-8. [PubMed]
18. Hendricks MS, Chow YH, Bhagavath B, Singh K. Previous cesarean section and abortion as risk factors for developing placenta previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 1999 Apr; 25(2):137-42. [PubMed]
19. Gilliam M, Rosenberg D, Davis F. The likelihood of placenta previa with greater number of cesarean deliveries and higher parity. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99:976-80.
20. Zhang J, Savitz DA. Maternal age and placenta previa: a population -based, case- control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168:641-5. [PubMed]
21. Salihu HM, Li Q, and Rouse DJ, Alexander GR: Placenta previa: Neonatal death after live births in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188(5): 1305-9. [PubMed]
22. Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. The effect of placenta previa on neonatal mortality: a population based study in the United States, 1989 through 1997. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188(5): 1299-1304. [PubMed]
23. Iyasu S, Saftlas AK, Rowley DL, Koonin LM, Lawson HW, Atrash HK: The Epidemiology of Placenta previa in the United States, 1979 through 1987. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993 May; 168(5): 1424-9. [PubMed]
24. Ananth CV, Demissie K, and Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM: Relationship among placenta previa, fetal growth restriction and preterm delivery: A population based study. Obstet Gynecol Aug 2001; 98(2):299-306. [PubMed]
25. Brace V, Kemaghan D, and Penney G: Learning from adverse clinical outcomes: major obstetric haemorrhage in Scotland, 2003-05. BJOG 2007; 114(11):1388-1396. [PubMed]
26. Bhide A, Prefumo F, Moore J, Hollis B, Thilaganathan B: Placental edge to internal os distance in the late third trimester and mode of delivery in placenta previa. BJOG 2003, 110(9):860-864. [PubMed]
27. Lydon -Rochelle M, Holt VL, Easterling TR, and Martin DP: First - birth cesarean and placental abruption or previa at second birth. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97(5):765-769. [PubMed]
28. Gorodeski IG, Bahari CM. The effect of placenta previa localization upon maternal and fetal - neonatal outcome. J Perinat Med 1987; 15(2):169-77. [PubMed]
29. Francois K, Johnson JM, Harris C. Is placenta previa more common in multiple gestations? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003 May; 188(5): 1226-7. [PubMed]
30. Strong T, Brar H. Placenta previa in twin gestations. J Reprod med. 1989 Jun; 34(6):415-6. [PubMed]
31. Babinszki A, Kerenyi T, Torok O, Grazi V, Lapinski RH, Berkowitz RL. Perinatal outcome in grand and great grand multiparity: effects of parity on obstetric risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999(Sep); 181(3):669-74. [PubMed]
32. Eniola AO, Bako AU, Selo -Ojeme DO. Risk factors for placenta previa in Southern Nigeria. East Afr Med J.2002 Oct; 79(10):535-8. [PubMed]
33. Laverty PL. Placenta previa. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Sep; 33(3):414-21. [PubMed]
34. Rose GL, Chapman MG. Aetiological factors in placenta previa- a case controlled study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1986 Jun; 93(6): 586-8. [PubMed]
35. Monica G, Lilja C. Placenta previa, maternal smoking and recurrence risk. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand. 1995 May; 74(5): 341-5. [PubMed]
36. Silver RM, Landon MB, Rouse DJ et al: Maternal morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 2006 Jun; 107(6):1226-32. [PubMed]
37. Miller DA, Diaz FG, Paul RH: Incidence of placenta previa with previous cesarean. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174:345.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i9.171
Published: 2015-10-31
How to Cite
1.
Anne Rose S A, Gopalan U. Correlation of maternal age with placenta previa. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2015Oct.31 [cited 2024Apr.25];3(9):914-8. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/344
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
