Prevalence of hypertension in mid adolescents in central India: A school based comparative study
Keywords:
Adolescent hypertension, Systolic and Diastolic hypertension
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension among children and adolescents has increased significantly in the developed countries during the past two decades and similar trends are being observed even in the developing world.
Methods: Mid adolescent boys and girls (14-16years) of three government and four private schools of Ujjain city were included with sample size of 1000. A pre designed questionnaire regarding nutritional and dietary history was prepared with measurement of anthropometry.
Results: The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension children in our study is 6.8% and 8.2% respectively, where as worldwide prevalence of hypertension is 7% to 19%. The prevalence of systolic pre-hypertension and systolic hypertension in children of government schools (14-16 yrs) was 7.5% and 8.5% respectively. In private schools out of 75 hypertensive students 49 (65.3%) (p=0.06) were consuming excess calorie. The incidence of systolic hypertension was low in the students with physical, activity ≥1hr/day and it was observed that both TV watching and Computer use were not associated with hypertension.
Conclusion: The prevalence of systolic hypertension in boys was higher in private schools as compared to government (7.8%>5.9%). Girls were more hypertensive in government as compared to private schools (12.4%>7.9%). Various factors which were found to have correlation with hypertension include calorie intake, number of meals per day, lack of physical activity in the present study.
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References
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27. Abolfotouh MA, Sallam SA, Mohammed MS, Loutfy AA, Hasab AA. Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and association with obesity in egyptian school adolescents. Int J Hypertens. 2011 Mar 8;2011:952537. doi: 10.4061/2011/952537.
2. Abbott RA, Davies PS. Habitual physical activity and physical activity intensity: their relation to body composition in 5.0-10.5-y-oldchildren. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Feb;58(2):285-91. [PubMed]
3. Lande MB, Carson NL, Roy J, Meagher CC. Effects of childhood primary hypertension on carotid intima media thickness: a matched controlled study. Hypertension. 2006 Jul;48(1):40-4. Epub 2006 May 30.
4. Must A, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Bajema CJ, Dietz WH. Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. N Engl J Med. 1992 Nov 5;327(19):1350-5. [PubMed]
5. Labarthe DR. Prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in the first place. Prev Med. 1999 Dec;29(6 Pt 2):S72-8. [PubMed]
6. Sorof JM, Lai D, Turner J, Poffenbarger T, Portman RJ. Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children. Pediatrics. 2004 Mar;113(3 Pt 1):475-82. [PubMed]
7. Jaddou HY, Bateiha AM, Khawaldeh AM, Goussous YM, Ajlouni KM. Blood pressure profile in schoolchildren and adolescents in Jordan. Ann Saudi Med. 2001 Jan-Mar;21(1-2):123-6. [PubMed]
8. O. Darwish, A. El Ghamry, M. Hussein, and S. Omara, “Prevalence and some etiological factors of hypertension in school children,” Bulletin High Institute of Public Health, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 97–110, 1985.
9. Bundred P, Kitchiner D, Buchan I. Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: population based series of cross sectional studies. BMJ. 2001 Feb 10;322(7282):326-8. [PubMed]
10. Ribeiro J, Guerra S, Pinto A, Oliveira J, Duarte J, Mota J. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: relationship with blood pressure, and physical activity. [PubMed]
11. Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS. Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet. 2002 Aug 10;360(9331):473-82. [PubMed]
12. Genovesi S, Giussani M, Pieruzzi F, Vigorita F, Arcovio C, Cavuto S, Stella A. Results of blood pressure screening in a population of school-aged children in the province of Milan: role of overweight. J Hypertens. 2005 Mar;23(3):493-7. [PubMed]
13. Agyemang C, Redekop WK, Owusu-Dabo E, Bruijnzeels MA. Blood pressure patterns in rural, semi-urban and urban children in the Ashanti region of Ghana, West Africa. BMC Public Health. 2005 Nov 1;5:114. [PubMed]
14. Monyeki KD, Kemper HC, Makgae PJ. The association of fat patterning with blood pressure in rural South African children: the Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2006 Feb;35(1):114-20. Epub 2005 Oct 31.
15. Jafar TH, Islam M, Poulter N, Hatcher J, Schmid CH, Levey AS, Chaturvedi N. Children in South Asia have higher body mass-adjusted blood pressure levels than white children in the United States: a comparative study. Circulation. 2005 Mar 15;111(10):1291-7.
16. Ke L, Brock KE, Cant RV, Li Y, Morrell SL. The relationship between obesity and blood pressure differs by ethnicity in Sydney school children. Am J Hypertens. 2009 Jan;22(1):52-8. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2008.308. Epub 2008 Nov 6. [PubMed]
17. He Q, Ding ZY, Fong DY, Karlberg J. Blood pressure is associated with body mass index in both normal and obese children. Hypertension. 2000 Aug;36(2):165-70. [PubMed]
18. Sung RY, Yu CC, Choi KC, McManus A, Li AM, Xu SL, Chan D, Lo AF, Chan JC, Fok TF. Waist circumference and body mass index in Chinese children: cutoff values for predicting cardiovascular risk factors. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 Mar;31(3):550-8. Epub 2006 Sep 5. [PubMed]
19. Falkner B, Daniels SR. Summary of the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Hypertension. 2004 Oct;44(4):387-8. Epub 2004 Sep 7. [PubMed]
20. Giammattei J, Blix G, Marshak HH, Wollitzer AO, Pettitt DJ. Television watching and soft drink consumption: associations with obesity in 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Sep;157(9):882-6.
21. E. Irgll', Y. Erkenci', N. AytekJn", H. Aytekin' 1 Uludag University Medical School, Department of Publk Health. Buna. Turkey ed 29 May 1999.
22. de Almeida FA, Konigsfeld HP, Machado LM, Canadas AF, Issa EY, Giordano RH, Cadaval RA. Assessment of social and economic influences on blood pressure of adolescents in public and private schools: an epidemiological study. J Bras Nefrol. 2011 Apr-Jun;33(2):142-9.
23. Angelopoulos PD, Milionis HJ, Moschonis G, Manios Y. Relations between obesity and hypertension: preliminary data from a cross-sectional study in primary schoolchildren: the children study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Oct;60(10):1226-34. Epub 2006 May 17.
24. Manu Raj, K. R. Sundaram, Mary Paul, A. S. Deepa, R. Krishna Kumar. Obesity in Indian children: Time trends and relationship with hypertension. The National Medical Journal of India 2007;20(6): 288-293. [PubMed[
25. Israeli E, Schochat T, Korzets Z, Tekes-Manova D, Bernheim J, Golan E. Prehypertension and obesity in adolescents: a population study. Am J Hypertens. 2006 Jul;19(7):708-12. [PubMed[
26. Galal SB, Fahmy SA, Lashine S, Abdel-Fattah N, Galal MO. Systemic hypertension and associated factors in school adolescents. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health. 2011; 3 (2):167-176. [PubMed[
27. Abolfotouh MA, Sallam SA, Mohammed MS, Loutfy AA, Hasab AA. Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and association with obesity in egyptian school adolescents. Int J Hypertens. 2011 Mar 8;2011:952537. doi: 10.4061/2011/952537.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i8.167
Published: 2015-09-30
How to Cite
1.
Sharma R, Mandliya J, Dhaneria M, Tiwari H. Prevalence of hypertension in mid adolescents in central India: A school based comparative study. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2015Sep.30 [cited 2024Apr.25];3(8):891-0. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/341
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
