Relationship between gingival bleeding and blood glucose level: a case-control study
Keywords:
Diabetes, Gingival Bleeding, Blood Glucose, Inflammation, Periodontitis
Abstract
Aim: To correlate the percentage of gingival bleeding sites and blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Materials and methods: a total of hundred patients participated in this case-control study. They were grouped in to two groups. Group 1 consisted of 50 type II diabetic patients and group II consisted of 50 non-diabetic patients. Post prandial blood glucose levels oral-hygiene index and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing were recorded. The results obtained were analysed statistically using students‘t’ test.
Results: Bleeding tendencies were more in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients.It was found to be highly statistically significant (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The study suggested the association of gingival bleeding to the blood glucose level. Blood glucose level reflects their metabolic rates.
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References
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13. Fahey TJ, Sadaty A, Jones WG, Barber A, Smoller B, Shires GT. Diabetes impairs the late inflammatory response to wound healing. J Surg Res. 1991 Apr;50(4):308-13. [PubMed]
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17. Listgarden M, Ricker E, Laster L, Shapiro J & Cohen D. Vasular basement thickness in the normal and inflamed gingiva of diabetics and non-diabetics. J Periodontol. 1974 Sep;45(9):676-84.
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20. Zambon J, Reynolds H, Fischer J.Shlossmem M, Dunford R &Genco RJ: Microbiological and immunological studies of adult periodontitis in patients with non-insulin diabetic mellitis. J Periodontol. 1988 Jan;59(1):23-31.
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24. Taylor GW1, Burt BA, Becker MP, Genco RJ, Shlossman M, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ. Pettitt.Severe periodontitis and risk for poor glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus J Periodontol. 1996 Oct;67(10 Suppl):1085-93.
2. Saito T, ShimazakiY. Metabolic disorders related to obesity and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2007;43:254-66. [PubMed]
3. Nwhator Solomon O. and Ayanbadejo Patricia O. Uncommon causes of gingivitis. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene 3.5 (2011): 65-68. [PubMed]
4. Ervasti T, Knuuttila M, Pohjamo L, Haukipuro K. Relation between control of diabetes and gingival bleeding. J Periodontol. 1985 Mar;56(3):154-7. [PubMed]
5. Salvi GE, Kandylaki M, Troendle A, Persson GR, Lang NP. Experimental gingivitis in type 1 diabetics: a controlled clinical andmicrobiological study. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32(3):310-6. [PubMed]
6. Karjalainen KM, Knuuttila ML. The onset of diabetes and poor metabolic control increases gingival bleeding in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol. 1996 Dec;23(12):1060-7.
7. Greene, John G. et al.The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. The Journal of the American Dental Association, Volume 68, Issue 1, 7 – 13.
8. Soben Peter. Essentials of Preventive and Community Dentistry.firstedition; April 1999 © Arya publishers.
9. Caraway WT,WattsNB.Carbohydrates. In Tietz NW, Ed. Textbook of clinical chemistry, Philadelphia;© WB Saunders, 1986; 775-828.
10. Armitage GC. The complete periodontal examination. Periodontol 2000. 2004;34:22-33. [PubMed]
11. D Antonia JA, Ellis D, Doft BH, Beckeradj, Drash AL, Kuller LH & Orchard TJ: Diabetes complications and glycemic control. The Pittsburgh prospective insulin-dependent diabetes cohort study status report after 5 year of IDDM. Diabetes care; 12:694-700.
12. Ervasti T, Knuuttila M, Pohjamao L. Haukipuro. Relation between control of diabetes and gingival bleeding. J Periodontol. 1985 Mar;56(3):154-7. [PubMed]
13. Fahey TJ, Sadaty A, Jones WG, Barber A, Smoller B, Shires GT. Diabetes impairs the late inflammatory response to wound healing. J Surg Res. 1991 Apr;50(4):308-13. [PubMed]
14. Tchobroutsky G. Relation of diabetic control to development of microvascular complications. Diabetologia. 1978 Sep;15(3):143-52. [PubMed]
15. Bernick, SM, Cohen DW, Baker L, Laster L. Dental disease in children with diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol. 1975 Apr;46(4):241-5. [PubMed]
16. Spierstein MD, Raskin P and Burns H: Electron microscopic quantification of diabetic microangiopathy. Diabetes. 1973 Jul;22(7):514-27.
17. Listgarden M, Ricker E, Laster L, Shapiro J & Cohen D. Vasular basement thickness in the normal and inflamed gingiva of diabetics and non-diabetics. J Periodontol. 1974 Sep;45(9):676-84.
18. Witztum JL. Role of modified lipoproteins in diabetic macroangiopathy. Diabetes 1997:46(supp 2):S112-S114. [PubMed]
19. Reuterving CO1, Reuterving G, Hägg E, Ericson T. Salivary flow rate and salivary glucose concentration in patients with diabetes mellitus.Influence of severity of diabetes. Diabete Metab. 1987 Jul-Aug;13(4):457-62. [PubMed]
20. Zambon J, Reynolds H, Fischer J.Shlossmem M, Dunford R &Genco RJ: Microbiological and immunological studies of adult periodontitis in patients with non-insulin diabetic mellitis. J Periodontol. 1988 Jan;59(1):23-31.
21. Ramamurthy NS, Golub LM. Diabetes increases collagenase activity in extracts of rat gingiva and skin J Periodontal Res. 1983 Jan;18(1):23-30. [PubMed]
22. Bagdade JD, Nielson KL, Bulger RJ. Reversible abnormalities in phagocytic function in poorly controlled diabetic patients. Am J Med Sci. 1972 Jun;263(6):451-6.
23. Schmidt AM, Hori O, Brett J, Yan SD, Wautier J-L & Stern D. Cellular receptors for advanced glycation end products. Implications for induction of oxidatant stress and cellular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions. Arterioscler Thromb; 1994; 14:1521-1528.
24. Taylor GW1, Burt BA, Becker MP, Genco RJ, Shlossman M, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ. Pettitt.Severe periodontitis and risk for poor glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus J Periodontol. 1996 Oct;67(10 Suppl):1085-93.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i6.111
Published: 2015-07-31
How to Cite
1.
Sayeeganesh N, Baskar PK, Manovijay B, Saranyan R, Shanmugasundaram N, Vijayakumar N. Relationship between gingival bleeding and blood glucose level: a case-control study. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2015Jul.31 [cited 2024Nov.8];3(6):588-92. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/285
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