Serum Uric Acid: A Novel Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Uric Acid, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance, Glucose Tolerance Test
Abstract
Introduction: To analyze the relationship between first trimester uric acid levels and risk of development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Method: A total of 300 pregnant women up to 14 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled in this study. After obtaining their demographic data and clinical assessment blood sample for serum uric acid was taken. Women were subsequently followed till term. All women were subjected to blood sugar screening one hour after 50 gm glucose and glucose tolerance test if screening was < 200mg/dl. GDM was diagnosed by 3 hours glucose tolerance test using Carpenter and Coustan criteria or by one hour screening value > 200 mg /dl.
Results: GDM complicated 2.66% (8/300) of the pregnancies. All the women with serum uric acid > 5 mg/dl (n=6) had deranged blood sugar screening and out of this 5 developed GDM.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates a striking association between first trimester uric acid and risk of developing GDM. First trimester uric acid level may be used as predictor for development of GDM.
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References
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22. Carstensen M, Herder C, Kivimaki M,Jokela M,Roden M, Shipley MJ,et al. Accelerated increase in serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist starts 6 years before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Diabetes. 2010 May;59(5):1222-7. doi: 10.2337/db09-1199. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
23. Lind T, Godfrey KA, Otun H, Philips PR. Changes in serum uric acid concentrations during normal pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1984 Feb;91(2):128-32. [PubMed]
24. Carpenter MW, Coustan DR. Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Dec 1;144(7):768-73. [PubMed]
25. Katherine Laughon, Janet Catov, Traci Provins, James M Roberts, Robin E.Gandley: Elevated first trimester uric acid concentrations are associated with development of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Oct;201(4):402.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.065.
26. Wolak T, Sergienko R, Wiznitzer A, Paran E, Sheiner E. High uric acid level during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy is associated with higher risk for gestational diabetes mellitus and mild preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31(3):307-15. doi: 10.3109/10641955.2010.507848. Epub 2010 Sep 7.
27. Gharib MN, Mahfouz AE, Morad M A, Farhat MA. Prediction of gestational diabetes by measuring first trimester maternal serum uric acid concentration. Journal of Basic and Clinical reproductive Sciences.2013; 2: 27-31.
28. Sautin YY, Nakagawa T, Zharikov S, Johnson RJ.Adverse effects of the classic antioxidant uric acid in adipocytes: NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative/nitrosative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Aug;293(2):C584-96. Epub 2007 Apr 11.
2. Gollenberg AL ,Pekow P, Bertone-Johnson ER,Freedom PS, Markenson G et al. Sedentary behaviors and abnormal glucose tolerance among pregnant Latina women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Jun;42(6):1079-85. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c6dec8.
3. Riskin-Mashiah S, Damti A, Younes G, Auslender R. First trimester fasting hyperglycemia as a predicter for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2010 Oct;152(2):163-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.05.036. Epub 2010 Jul 1.
4. Savvidou M, Nelson SM, Makgoba CM,Sattar N,Nicolaides K.First-trimester prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus. Examining the potential of combining maternal characterstics and laboratory measures. Diabetes 2010; 59: 3017-22.
5. Wolfgang Koenig and Christa Meisinger.Uric acid, type2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: fueling the common soil hypothesis? Clin Chem. 2008 Feb;54(2):231-3. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.099705. [PubMed]
6. Modan M, Halkin H, Karasik A, Lusky A. Elevated serum uric acid, a facet for hyperinsulinaemia. Clin Chem. 2008 Feb;54(2):231-3. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.099705. [PubMed]
7. Facchini F, Chen YD, Hollenbeck CB, Reaven GM. Relationship between resistance to insulin mediated glucose uptake, urinary uric acid clearance and plasma uric acid concentration. JAMA. 1991 Dec 4;266(21):3008-11. [PubMed]
8. Roy D, Perreault M, Marette A. Insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues in vivo is NO dependent. Am J Physiol. 1998 Apr;274(4 Pt 1):E692-9. [PubMed]
9. Khosla UM. Hyperuricaemia induces endothelial dysfunction. Kidney Int. 2005 May;67(5):1739-42. [PubMed]
10. Kang DH, Park SK, Lee IK, Johnson RJ. Uric acid induced C-reactive protein expression: implication on cell proliferation and nitric oxide production of human vascular cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Dec;16(12):3553-62. Epub 2005 Oct 26. [PubMed]
11. Butler R, Morris AD, Belch JJ, Hill A, Struthers AD. Allopurinol normalizes endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetics with mild hypertension. Hypertension. 2000 Mar;35(3):746-51.
12. Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2004 Dec;114(12):1752-61. [PubMed]
13. Dehghan A, Van Hoek M, Sijbrands EJ,Hofman A.,Wilteman JC. High serum uric acid as a novel risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008 Feb;31(2):361-2. Epub 2007 Oct 31. [PubMed]
14. Kodama S, Saito K, Yachi Y,Asumi M,Sugawara A,Totsuka K et al. Assocociation between serum uric acid and development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009 Sep;32(9):1737-42. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0288. Epub 2009 Jun 23. [PubMed]
15. Panero F,Gruden G, Perotto M, Fornengo P,Barutta F,Greco E et al. Uric acid is not an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: A population –based study. Atherosclerosis. 2012 Mar;221(1):183-8. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.042. Epub 2011 Dec 26.
16. Nakagawa T, Tuttle KR, Short RA, Johnson RJ. Hypothesis: fructose induced hyperuricaemia as a causal mechanism for the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2005 Dec;1(2):80-6. [PubMed]
17. Masuo K, Kagawaguchi H, Mikami H, Ogihara T, Tuck ML. Serum uric acid and plasma norepinephrine concentrations predict subsequent weight gain and blood pressure elevation. Hypertension. 2003 Oct;42(4):474-80. Epub 2003 Sep 2.
18. Ames BN, Cathcart R, Schwiers E, Hochstein P. Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant and radical caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Nov;78(11):6858-62.
19. Choi HK, Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with hyperuricaemia. Am J Med. 2007 May;120(5):442-7. [PubMed]
20. Yoo TW, Sung KC,Shin HS, Kim BJ, Kim BS,Kang JH,et al. Relationship between serum uric acid concentration and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Circ J. 2005 Aug;69(8):928-33. [PubMed]
21. Derek G. Cook, A.G.Shaper, D.S.Thelle, T.P.Whitehead. Serum uric acid, serum glucose and diabetes: relationship in a population study. Postgrad Med J. 1986 Nov;62(733):1001-6. [PubMed]
22. Carstensen M, Herder C, Kivimaki M,Jokela M,Roden M, Shipley MJ,et al. Accelerated increase in serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist starts 6 years before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Diabetes. 2010 May;59(5):1222-7. doi: 10.2337/db09-1199. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
23. Lind T, Godfrey KA, Otun H, Philips PR. Changes in serum uric acid concentrations during normal pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1984 Feb;91(2):128-32. [PubMed]
24. Carpenter MW, Coustan DR. Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Dec 1;144(7):768-73. [PubMed]
25. Katherine Laughon, Janet Catov, Traci Provins, James M Roberts, Robin E.Gandley: Elevated first trimester uric acid concentrations are associated with development of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Oct;201(4):402.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.065.
26. Wolak T, Sergienko R, Wiznitzer A, Paran E, Sheiner E. High uric acid level during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy is associated with higher risk for gestational diabetes mellitus and mild preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31(3):307-15. doi: 10.3109/10641955.2010.507848. Epub 2010 Sep 7.
27. Gharib MN, Mahfouz AE, Morad M A, Farhat MA. Prediction of gestational diabetes by measuring first trimester maternal serum uric acid concentration. Journal of Basic and Clinical reproductive Sciences.2013; 2: 27-31.
28. Sautin YY, Nakagawa T, Zharikov S, Johnson RJ.Adverse effects of the classic antioxidant uric acid in adipocytes: NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative/nitrosative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Aug;293(2):C584-96. Epub 2007 Apr 11.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i1.03
Published: 2015-02-28
How to Cite
1.
Singh U, Mehrotra S, Singh R, Sujata S, Gangwar ML, Shukla B. Serum Uric Acid: A Novel Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2015Feb.28 [cited 2024Jul.3];3(1):10-5. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/178
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
