Impact of Estradiol on Circulating Markers of Oxidative Stress among Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women with Co-morbidities
Keywords:
Antioxidant activity, Catalase, Estradiol, Hypertension, Menopause
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several age-associated diseases. The antioxidant properties of estradiol reduce oxidative stress related complications. Menopause is typified by a drop in endogenous estradiol that might subsequently affect women’s wellbeing.
Materials and Methods: 100 postmenopausal women were selected and classed into four groups. Estradiol (E2) and enzymatic antioxidant status were assessed among normotensive postmenopausal women (group-1), hypertensive postmenopausal women (group-2), hypertensive postmenopausal women with diabetes (group-3) and hypertensive postmenopausal women with renal insufficiency (group-4). Kruskal-Wallis test and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS16.0 statistical software.
Results: Estradiol (E2), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly decreased in hypertensive postmenopausal women with diabetes (group-3) and hypertensive postmenopausal women with renal insufficiency (group-4) compared normotensive postmenopausal women (group-1). Catalase, glutathione peroxidise and glutathione-S-transferase activities were significantly reduced in the three experimental groups compared to normotensive control. Estradiol exhibited significant positive correlations with catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.
Conclusion: Elevated oxidative stress along with drop in estradiol levels in postmenopausal women seems to be aggravated by co-morbid conditions.
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References
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2. Curtis KS. Estrogen and the central control of body fluid balance. Physiol Behav. 2009 May 25; 97(2):180-92. [PubMed]
3. Taylor SE, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. Oestrogen receptor splice variants in the pathogenesis of disease. Cancer Lett. 2010 Feb 28; 288(2):133-48. [PubMed]
4. Kumar S, Lata K, Mukhopadhyay S, Mukherjee TK. Role of estrogen receptors in pro-oxidative and anti-oxidative actions of estrogens: A perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Oct; 1800(10):1127-1135. [PubMed]
5. Tuladhar ET, Rao A. Plasma protein oxidation and total antioxidant power in premenstrual syndrome. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2010 Mar; 3(3): 237-240.
6. Grossman E. Does increased oxidative stress cause hypertension? Diabetes Care. 2008 Feb; 3(2):S185–S189. [PubMed]
7. Forbes JM, Coughlan MT, Cooper ME. Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes. Diabetes. 2008 Jun; 57(6):1446-1454. [PubMed]
8. Potenza MA, Gagliardi S, Nacci C, Carratu MR, Montagnani M. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: From mechanisms to therapeutic targets. Curr Med Chem. 2009; 16(1):94-112. [PubMed]
9. Priya R, Vasudha KC. Antioxidant vitamins in chronic renal failure. Biomedical Research. 2009; 20(1):67-70. [PubMed]
10. Lagranha CJ, Deschamps A, Aponte A, Steenbergen C, Murphy E. Sex differences in the phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins result in reduced production of reactive oxygen species and cardioprotection in females. Circ Res. 2010 Jun 11; 106(11):1681-91.
11. Zhang QG, Raz L, Wang R, Han D, De Sevilla L, Yang F, Vadlamudi RK, Brann DW. Estrogen attenuates ischemic oxidative damage via an estrogen receptor alpha-mediated inhibition of NADPH oxidase activation. J Neurosci. 2009 Nov 4; 29(44):13823-13836. [PubMed]
12. Meyer MR, Haas E, Barton M. Gender differences of cardiovascular disease: New perspectives for estrogen receptor signalling. Hypertension. 2006 Jun; 47(6):1019-26. [PubMed]
13. Suzuki H, Kondo K. Chronic kidney disease in postmenopausal women. Hypertens Res. 2012 Feb; 35(2):142-147.
14. Moreau KL. The modulatory influence of estrogen on vascular endothelial function in women: Is it all about timing? Menopausal Medicine. 2011 Feb; 19(1):S8-S11. [PubMed]
15. Pe’rez-Matute P, Zulet MA, Martinez JA. Reactive species and diabetes: Counteracting oxidative stress to improve health. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2009 Dec; 9(6):771-779. [PubMed]
16. Luck H. Estimation of catalase, In: Methods in Enzymatic Analysis. Bergmeyer (Ed.), Academic press. New York. 1974; 885.
17. Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem.1971; 44:276-287.
18. Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG. Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 1973; 179:588-590. [PubMed]
19. Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB. Glutathione transferase: A first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1974; 249: 7130-7139. [PubMed]
20. Wells CC, Riazi S, Mankhey RW, Bhatti F, Ecelbarger C, Maric C. Diabetic nephropathy is associated with decreased circulating estradiol levels and imbalance in the expression of renal estrogen receptors. Gend Med. 2005 Dec; 2(4):227-237. [PubMed]
21. Ji H, Zheng W, Menini S, Pesce C, Kim J, Wu X, Mulroney SE, Sandberg K. Female protection in progressive renal disease is associated with estradiol attenuation of superoxide production. Gend Med. 2007 Mar; 4(1):56-71. [PubMed]
22. Castanho VS, Nakamura RT, Pinto-Neto AM, Faria ECD. Postmenopausal therapy reduces catalase activity and attenuates cardiovascular risk. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; 99(5):1008-1014. [PubMed]
23. Gluhovschi G, Gluhovschi A, Anastasiu D, Petrica L, Gluhovschi C, Velciov S. Chronic kidney disease and the involvement of estrogen hormones in its pathogenesis and progression. Rom J Intern Med. 2012 Apr-Jun; 50(2):135-144. [PubMed]
24. Doublier S, Lupia E, Catanuto P, Elliot SJ. Estrogens and progression of diabetic kidney damage. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2011 Jan; 7(1):28-34.
25. Schulman IH, Raij L. Salt sensitivity and hypertension after menopause: Role of nitric oxide and angiotensin II. Am J Nephrol. 2006; 26:170 –180.
26. Roberts CK, Sindhu KK. Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome. Life Sci. 2009 May 22; 84(21-22):705-712.
27. Bessa SS, Ali EMM, Hamdy SM. The role of glutathione S- transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and oxidative stress-related parameters in Egyptian patients with essential hypertension. Eur J Intern Med. 2009 Oct; 20(6):625-630.
28. Pasupathi P, Bakthavathsalam G, Saravanan G, Latha R. Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with diabetes mellitus, Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 2009; 5(7):770-775.
29. Arya AK, Tripathi K. Estimation of oxidative status in lymphocytes of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Nature Precedings 2011; doi:10.1038/npre.2011.5975.1.
30. Ajam WH, Al-Khyat TH, Al-Hamdani KJ. Oxidative status and lipid profile in post-menopausal women with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 in Babylon Governorate. Med. j. Babylon. 2012; 9(2):338-348.
31. Ahmadpoor P, Eftekhar E, Nourooz-Zadeh J, Servat H, Makhdoomi K, Ghafari A. Glutathione, glutathione-related enzymes and total antioxidant capacity in patients on maintenance dialysis. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2009 Jan; 3(1):22-27.
32. El-Far MA, Bakr MA, Farahat SE, El-Fattah EAA. Glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with renal disorders, Clin Exp Nephrol. 2005 Jun; 9(2):127-131. [PubMed]
33. Owiredu WKBA, Ephraim RKD, Amidu N, Eghan Jnr BA, Laing EF. Oxidative stress among Ghanaian patients presenting with chronic kidney disease. Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences. 2012; 1(1):28-37.
34. Ha EJ, Smith AM. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity is increased in healthy post-menopausal women. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Oct; 131(1):90-95. [PubMed]
35. Alagendran S, Archunan G, Rengarajan RL, Kumar SM, Ilayaraja R, Amarnat A, Kadalmani B, Fernandez G, Guzman RG. Characterization of antioxidant profile in human saliva during menstrual cycle. Int J Biol Med Res. 2011; 2(1): 382 – 389. [PubMed]
36. Munoz-Castaneda JR, Tunez I, Munoz MC, Bujalance I, Muntane J, Montilla P. Effect of catecholestrogen administration during Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in ovariectomized rat. Free Radic Res. 2005 Sep; 39(9):943-948. [PubMed]
37. Gragasin FS, Xu Y, Arenas IA, Kainth N, Davidge ST. Estrogen reduces angiotensin II-induced nitric oxide synthase and NAD(P)H oxidase expression in endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003; 23:38–44. [PubMed]
38. Massafra C, Gioia D, De Felice C, Picciolini E, De Leo V, Bonifazi M, Bernabei A. Effects of estrogens and androgens on erythrocyte antioxidant superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities during the menstrual cycle. J. Endocrinol. 2000; 167:447–452. [PubMed]
39. Sheikh N, Tavilani H, Rezaie A, Vaisi-raygani A, Salimi S. Relationship between estradiol and antioxidant enzymes activity of ischemic stroke. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2009; Article ID 841468: 5 pages. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2009 Sept; 2009:841468. doi: 10.1155/2009/841468. [PubMed]
40. Pejic SA, Kasapovic JD, Todorovic AU, Stojiljkovic VR, Gavrilovic LV, Popovic NM, Pajovic SB . Antioxidant enzymes in women with endometrial polyps: relation with sex hormones. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013 Sept; 170(1):241-246. [PubMed]
41. Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Bohdanowicz-Pawlak A, Bidzinska B, Milewicz A, Antonowicz-Juchniewicz J, Andrzejak R. Serum lipid peroxide levels and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2001 Aug; 15(4):298-303.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2014.i06.07
Published: 2014-12-31
How to Cite
1.
Salini A, Poornima Jeyanthi G. Impact of Estradiol on Circulating Markers of Oxidative Stress among Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women with Co-morbidities. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2014Dec.31 [cited 2024Jul.3];2(6):544-52. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/156
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Original Article
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