Prevalence of Anti Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Positivity in Subclinical and Clinical Hypothyroidism subjects attending a tertiary centre in South India.
Abstract
Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of anti-TPO antibodies in subjects with subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism in subjects attending a tertiary centre in South India.
Materials and Methods:
50 subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism and 120 subjects with clinical hypothyroidism attending the out-patient department of Karnataka Institute of Endocrinology and Research, Bangalore were included over a period of one year from June 2023 to June 2024. Measurements of weight, height, and waist circumference were obtained using standardized techniques. Fasting plasma glucose, post prandial plasma glucose, HBA1c, lipid profile, of these subjects were determined. TSH, FT4 and anti TPO antibodies were estimated by chemiluminescent immunoassay.
Results:
170 subjects with hypothyroidism were studied. Amongst these subjects, 50 had subclinical hypothyroidism and 120 had clinical hypothyroidism.
Out of 50 subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism, 64% were females. 70% of patients had BMI more than 25. Waist circumference was greater than 80 cms in 96% of patients. Family history of hypothyroidism was present in 16%. Anti TPO antibody was positive in 42% of the subjects. Total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels were higher in anti TPO positive subjects.
Out of 120 subjects with clinical hypothyroidism, 76.7% were females. 74.9% of patients had BMI more than 25. Waist circumference was more than 80 cms in 92% of patients. Family history of hypothyroidism was present in 24.2% of the subjects. Anti TPO antibody was positive in 69.2% of the subjects. Total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels were higher in anti TPO positive patients.
Conclusions:
Prevalence of anti TPO antibody was present in 42% of subclinical hypothyroidism patients. As anti TPO positive patients progress to clinical hypothyroidism at a higher rate than negative patients, estimation of anti TPO antibodies should be an integral part of investigation of subclinical hypothyroidism. Prevalence of anti TPO antibody was present in 69.2% of clinical hypothyroidism patients. Anti TPO antibody positivity indicates autoimmune etiology of hypothyroidism and helps in follow up management of hypothyroidism. Anti TPO antibody titres does not determine the severity of clinical hypothyroidism.
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References
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