Clinicopathological analysis of 33 cases of laryngeal carcinoma with their response to COVID19 virus
Abstract
Background: laryngeal carcinoma is a common cancer of the head and neck region. Lifestyle, signs and symptoms, including those of COVID-19, clinical and histological features of the lesions were highlighted in this study to increase the understanding of this fatal cancer, which will decrease the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with it.
Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 33 cases of laryngeal cancer presented from January 2017 to July 2019 were included in this study.
Results: the leading age group of subjects was 51-60 years. Smoking was a significant risk factor in 100% of cases. Most of the patients presented with hoarseness of voice followed by dysphagia. The glottic area was the commonest site (72.7%) for laryngeal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma seen in 100% of patients. Most of the cases showed a well-differentiated tumour with 39.9% of patients and presented in stage I (42.4%). Only a few cases (9%) had cervical lymph node metastasis at the time of presentation. And only four patients developed COVID-19 infection post laryngectomy, their symptoms were mild upper respiratory tract infection, and their chest x-rays were clear. All of them healed without any severe complication of CVOID-19.
Conclusions: Early detection of laryngeal cancer is associated with a good prognosis. This early detection is based on good history, clinical examination, and invasive and non-invasive investigation. Post laryngectomy care may play an essential role in protecting the patient from serious complications of COVID-19 infection.
Downloads
References
Chatenoud L, Garavello W, Pagan E, Bertuccio P, Gallus S, La Vecchia C, et al. Laryngeal cancer mortality trends in European countries. Int J Cancer. 2016 Feb 15;138(4):833-42. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29833.
Bosetti C, Garavello W, Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Trends in laryngeal cancer mortality in Europe. Int J Cancer. 2006 Aug 1;119(3):673-81. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21855.
Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC. 16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer. 2011 Dec 6;105 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S77-81. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.489.
Wyss A, Hashibe M, Chuang SC, Lee YC, Zhang ZF, Yu GP, et al. Cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking and the risk of head and neck cancers: pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Sep 1;178(5):679-90. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt029.
Islami F, Tramacere I, Rota M, Bagnardi V, Fedirko V, Scotti L, et al. Alcohol drinking and laryngeal cancer: overall and dose-risk relation--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2010 Nov;46(11):802-10. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.07.015.
Hashim D, Sartori S, La Vecchia C, Serraino D, Maso LD, Negri E, et al. Hormone factors play a favorable role in female head and neck cancer risk. Cancer Med. 2017 Aug;6(8):1998-2007. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1136.
Chen M, Tse LA. Laryngeal cancer and silica dust exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ind Med. 2012 Aug;55(8):669-76. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22037.
Brown T, Darnton A, Fortunato L, Rushton L; British Occupational Cancer Burden Study Group. Occupational cancer in Britain. Respiratory cancer sites: larynx, lung and mesothelioma. Br J Cancer. 2012 Jun 19;107 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S56-70. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.119.
Paget-Bailly S, Cyr D, Luce D. Occupational exposures and cancer of the larynx-systematic review and meta-analysis. J Occup Environ Med. 2012 Jan;54(1):71-84. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31823c1343.
Chen WC, Chuang HC, Lin YT, Huang CC, Chien CY. Clinical impact of human papillomavirus in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study. PeerJ. 2017 May 30;5:e3395. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3395.
Li X, Gao L, Li H, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhou F, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and laryngeal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2013 Feb 1;207(3):479-88. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis698.
Sharma DK, Sohal BS, Bal MS, Aggarwal S. Clinico-pathological study of 50 cases of tumours of larynx. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013 Jul;65(Suppl 1):29-35. doi: 10.1007/s12070-011-0420-6.
Zhang SY, Lu ZM, Luo XN, Chen LS, Ge PJ, Song XH, et al. Retrospective analysis of prognostic factors in 205 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 4;8(4):e60157. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060157.
Jurkiewicz D, Dzaman K, Rapiejko P. Czynniki ryzyka raka krtani. Laryngeal cancer risk factors. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2006 Jul;21(121):94-8. Polish.
Saedi B, Razmpa E, Sadeghi M, Mojtahed M, Mojtahed A. The epidemiology of laryngeal cancer in a country on the esophageal cancer belt. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Sep;61(3):213-7. doi: 10.1007/s12070-009-0069-6.
Lam KY, Yuen AP. Cancer of the larynx in Hong Kong: a clinico-pathological study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1996 Apr;22(2):166-70. doi: 10.1016/s0748-7983(96)90749-0.
Jaimanti, Panda NK, Sharma S, Gupta AK, Mann SB. Survival patterns in treated cases of carcinoma larynx in north india - a 10 years followup study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Apr;56(2):99-104. doi: 10.1007/BF02974307.
Goiato, Marcelo Coelho, and Aline Úrsula Rocha Fernandes. "Risk factors of laryngeal cancer in patients attended in the Oral Oncology Center of Araçatuba." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 4.13 (2005): 741-744.
Hashibe M, Boffetta P, Zaridze D, Shangina O, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, et al. Contribution of tobacco and alcohol to the high rates of squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottis and glottis in Central Europe. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Apr 1;165(7):814-20. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwk066.
Muwonge R, Ramadas K, Sankila R, Thara S, Thomas G, Vinoda J, et al. Role of tobacco smoking, chewing and alcohol drinking in the risk of oral cancer in Trivandrum, India: a nested case-control design using incident cancer cases. Oral Oncol. 2008 May;44(5):446-54. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.06.002.
Anantharaman D, Marron M, Lagiou P, Samoli E, Ahrens W, Pohlabeln H, et al. Population attributable risk of tobacco and alcohol for upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Oral Oncol. 2011 Aug;47(8):725-31. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.05.004.
Thekdi AA, Ferris RL. Diagnostic assessment of laryngeal cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2002 Oct;35(5):953-69, v. doi: 10.1016/s0030-6665(02)00041-5.
Yerma A, Mehta S, Panda NK. Presentation of carcinoma larynx and laryngopharynx—An analysis of 840 cases." Indian journal of otolaryngology 42.2 (1990): 50-53.
Sheahan P. Management of advanced laryngeal cancer. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2014 Apr 28;5(2):e0015. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10149.
Liu CY, Wang MC, Li WY, Chang SY, Chu PY. Sarcoma of the larynx: treatment results and literature review. J Chin Med Assoc. 2006 Mar;69(3):120-4. doi: 10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70189-3.
Datti, P. V., C. B. Patel, and B. A. Sayed. The incidence of laryngeal cancer in Baroda." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology 23.4 (1971): 152-162.
Bai W, Ji W, Ren Z. [Relationship between the local invasion and the lymph node metastasis of the supraglottic carcinoma]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Feb;22(4):163-5. Chinese.
Abate SM, Mantefardo B, Basu B. Postoperative mortality among surgical patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Patient Saf Surg. 2020 Oct 12;14:37. doi: 10.1186/s13037-020-00262-6.
Copyright (c) 2022 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
