Incidence and profile of neurological disorders in alcohol dependents

  • Dr. Vijay Singh Baghel Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, RKDF Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Jatkhedi, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  • Dr. Vasant Shrivastava Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, RKDF Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Jatkhedi, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Keywords: Alcohol, Neurological manifestations, Peripheral Neuropathy, Korsakoff’s Psychosis

Abstract

Background: Alcohol is one of the most abused substances in the world. Alcohol has been known to produce toxic effects in almost every organ system in the body, many of these medical conditions can be attributed to the direct toxic effect of alcohol and its metabolites, whereas others are indirect sequelae that may result from nutritional deficiency particularly thiamine. A neurological complication of alcohol dependence is extremely common and affects every level of neuroaxis including the Brain-Peripheral nervous system-Muscle.

Aim & Objective: To quantify the number of different neurological disorders in alcohol-dependent patients and to the established relationship between the frequency of these disorders with type, duration, amount, and frequency of alcohol intake.

Method & Material: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 100 alcoholics who came to tertiary care centers of central India in the 1-year duration. Demographic data, questions related to their alcohol consumption, and Neurological examination of all patients were done as pre-decided protocol. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Data was entered and analyzed using appropriate software.

Result: Study participants were mostly (70%) in the age group of 21 to 40 years, 87% resided in the urban area, 81% were Hindu. 78% were educated up to class 8th and 76% were employed with any kind of jobs. There were 64% of cases that had any kind of neurological manifestation, 20% had peripheral neuropathy and less than 10% has severe manifestation Korsakoff’s psychosis, and cerebellar degeneration.

Conclusion: Neurological manifestations were common among alcohol dependents, but it variably depends on the amount, pattern, chronicity, and type of alcohol consumption. There is a need for further studies that specifically point out alcohol-related nervous manifestations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Nayak MB, Bond JC, Cherpitel C. Detecting alcohol-related problems in developing countries: A comparison of 2 screening measures in India. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009;33(12):2057–66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01045.x.

Sachdeva S, Nagar M, Tyagi AK, Sachdeva R. Alcohol consumption practices amongst adult males in a rural area of Haryana. Med J DY Patil. 2014;7(2):128-132. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-2870.126310.

Girish N, Kavita R, Gururaj G, Benegal V. Alcohol use and implications for public health: Patterns of use in four communities. Indian J Community Med. 2010;35(2):238-244. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.66875.

Gururaj G, Isaac MK. In: Psychiatric epidemiology in India: Moving beyond numbers, in Mental Health: An Indian Perspective 1946-2003. Agarwal SP, Goel DS, Ichhpulani RL, editors. New Delhi: Elsevier; 2005 pp 37–61.

Kumar SG, Premarajan KC, Subitha L, Suguna E, Vinayagamoorthy, Kumar V . Prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption using alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in rural Tamil Nadu. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(8):1637–1647. doi: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5521.3216.

Lakshmi A, Daisy D, Duttagupta, Lendi J, Padmanaban Drinking Habits, Health, Social and Behavioural Aspects of Alcohol Users in A Semi Urban Population in Chennai. IOSR-J Dent Med Sciences.2014;13(12):20–22. Available at https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jdms/papers/Vol13-issue12/Version-1/D0131212023.pdf.

Dewan G, Chowdhury FR. Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in Bangladesh. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol. 2015;4:83-90. doi: https://doi.org/10.22038/APJMT.2015.5091.

Benegal V, Velayudan A, Jain S. The social costs of alcoholism (Karnataka) NIMHANS J. 2000;18:67-76.

Gururaj G, Girish N, Benegal V. Burden and socio-economic impact of Alcohol-The Bangalore Study, Alcohol control series-1, WHO Regional Office for South East Asia, 2006. Available at http://origin.searo.who.int/entity/mental_health/documents/9290222727.pdf.

Sathya PM, Attayuru PS, Kandavelu T, Dhanasekara P, Kasturi SP, Vivek B. Alcohol consumption, hazardous drinking, and alcohol dependency among the population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Ind J Pub Health. 2017;61(2):105-111. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.IJPH_230_15.

Vidhukumar K, Nazeer E, Anil P. Prevalence and pattern of alcohol use in Kerala – A districtbased survey. IJRSTAT.2016;18(2):363-367.

Ramanan VV, Singh SK. A study on alcohol use and its related health and social problems in rural Puducherry, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016;5(4):804-808. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.201175.

Bagnardi V , Blangiardo M, La Vecchia C, Corrao G. Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer: A meta-analysis. Alcohol Res Health. 2001;25(4):263-270.

Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. 2015 Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 19th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education; 2012. p. 2726.

Chandra P, Krishna V , Benegal V , Ramakrishna J. High-risk sexual behaviour and sensation seeking among heavy alcohol-users. Indian J Med Res. 2003;117:88-92.

Venkat KK, Arora MM, Singh P, Desai M, Khatkhatay I. Effect of alcohol consumption on bone mineral density and hormonal parameters in physically active male soldiers. Bone. 2009;45(3):449-454. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2009.05.005.

Deswal BS, Jindal AK, Gupta KK. Epidemiology of alcohol use among residents of remote hills of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian J Community Med. 2006;31(2):26-30. Available at http://www.ijcm.org.in/temp/IndianJCommunityMed31288-5075405_140554.pdf.

Gupta PC, Saxena S, Pednekar MS, Maulik PK. Alcohol consumption among middle aged & elderly men : A Community Study from Western India. Alcohol Alcoholism. 2003;38(4):327-331. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agg077.

Peng MC, Chou WJ, Chen SS. Neurological problems in chronic alcoholics. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi. 1991;7:404–412.

Singh RB, Ghosh S, Niaz MA, Rastogi V, Wander GS. Validation of tobacco and alcohol intake questionnaire in relation to food intakes for the five city study and proposed classification for Indians. J Physicians India. 1998;46(7):587-591.

Dhupdale NY, Motghare DD, Ferreira MA, Prasad YD. Prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption in Rural Goa. Indian J Community Med 2006;31(2):104-105. Available at http://www.ijcm.org.in/temp/IndianJCommunityMed312104-5546101_152421.pdf.

Reddy MV, Chandrashekar CR. Prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders in India: A meta-analysis. Indian J Psychiatry. 1998;40(2):149-157.

Hazarika NC, Biswas D, Phukan RK, Hazarika D, Mahanta J. Prevalence and pattern of substance abuse at bandardewa, a border area of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Indian J Psychiatry. 2000;42(3):262-266.

Jhingan HP, Shyangwa P, Sharma A, Prasad KM, Khandelwal SK. Prevalence of alcohol dependence in a town in Nepal assessed by the CAGE questionnaire. Addiction 2003;98(3):339-343. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00301.

Singh J, Singh G, Mohan V, Padda AS. A comparative study of prevalence of regular alcohol users among the male individuals in an urban and rural area of Dist Amritsar Punjab. Indian J Community Med. 2000;25(2):73-78. Available at http://www.ijcm.org.in/temp/IndianJCommunityMed25273-6314241_173222.pdf.

Krishnan A, Shah B, Lal V, Shukla DK, Paul E, Kapoor SK. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Faridabad district of Haryana. Indian J Public Health 2008;52:117-24. Available at http://www.ijph.in/temp/IndianJPublicHealth523117-632548_173414.pdf.

Meena, Khanna P, Vohra AK, Rajput R. Prevalence and pattern of alcohol and substance abuse in urban areas of rohtak city. Indian J Psychiatry. 2002;44(4):348-352.

Mohan D, Chopra A, Sethi H. A rapid assessment study on prevalence of substance abuse disorders in metropolis Delhi. Indian J Med Res. 2001;114:107-114.

Subramanian SV, Nandy S, Irving M, Gordon D, Davey Smith G. Role of socio-economic markers and state prohibition policy in predicting alcohol consumption among men and women in India: A multilevel statistical analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(11):829-836.

Zambelis T, Karandreas N, Tzavellas E, Kokotis P, Liappas J. Large and small fiber neuropathy in chronic alcoholdependent subjects. J PeripherNerv Syst. 2005;10(4):375-381. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1085-9489.2005.00050.x.

Vittadini G, Buonocore M, Colli G, Terzi M, Fonte R, Biscaldi G. Alcoholic polyneuropathy: a clinical and epidemiological study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001;36(5):393-400. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/36.5.393.

Ammendola A, Gemini D, Iannaccone S, Argenzio F, Ciccone G, Ammendola E, et al. Gender and peripheral neuropathy in chronic alcoholism: a clinical-electroneurographic study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2000;35(4):368-371. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/35.4.368.

Ammendola A, Tata MR, Aurilio C, Ciccone G, Gemini D, Ammendola E, et al. Peripheral neuropathy in chronic alcoholism: a retrospective cross-sectional study in 76 subjects. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001;36(3):271-275. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/36.3.271.

Zambelis T, Kanelli S, Tzavellas E, Paparrigopoulos T, Karandreas N. Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow in Chronic Alcohol-Dependent Subjects. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2016;18(1):28-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/CND.0000000000000127.

Mygland AMP. Chronic polyneuropathies in Vest-Agder, Norway. Eur J Neurol. 2001;8(2):157-165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00187.x.

Masaki T, Mochizuki H, Matsushita S, Yokoyama A, Kamakura K, Higuchi S. Association of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 polymorphism with alcoholic polyneuropathy in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2004;363(3):288-290. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.04.009.

Ghosh S, Samanta A, Mukherjee S. Patterns of alcohol consumption among male adults at aslum in Kolkata, India. J Health PopulNutr. 2012;30(1):73‐81. doi: https://doi.org/10.3329/jhpn.v30i1.11279.

CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2020.i03.01
Published: 2020-05-30
How to Cite
1.
Singh Baghel V, Shrivastava V. Incidence and profile of neurological disorders in alcohol dependents. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2020May30 [cited 2024Mar.29];8(3):221-7. Available from: https://ijmrr.medresearch.in/index.php/ijmrr/article/view/1185
Section
Original Article