Incidence and pro le of neurological disorders in alcohol dependents

Incidence and pro le of neurological disorders in alcohol dependents Singh Baghel V.1, Shrivastava V.2* DOI: https://doi.org/10.17511/ijmrr.2020.i03.01 1 Vijay Singh Baghel, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, RKDF Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. 2* Vasant Shrivastava, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, RKDF Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.


Introduction
The term alcohol refers to 'ethyl alcohol'. The quantity differs among the types of alcoholic beverages. The most-commonly used alcoholic beverages are beer, wine, whiskey, rum, vodka, gin, and brandy and locally brewed beverages like arrack and toddy [1]. Alcohol consumption becomes a problem when the individual engages in problematic drinking pattern that puts him at the risk of developing adverse health events. The pattern of drinking started from social drinking to binge drinking that unknowingly leads to harmful to hazardous drinking that ultimately leads to alcohol dependence [1,2]. When alcoholic beverages are consumed, alcohol gets absorbed from the stomach and small intestine. It is distributed through blood circulation to every organ in the body. The alcohol gets absorbed by the liver at a rapid pace and excreted through the kidneys, which accounts for 95% to 98% of the alcohol consumed [3]. In a study done by Gururaj et al [4], it was concluded that, because of the increase in the alcohol consumption occurring all over the country, the hospital admission rates because of alcohol consumption were also increasing with 20% to 30% of admissions because of direct or indirect problems caused because of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption not only affects the individuals but also his family members get affected in one way or the other. The person in an intoxicated state may indulge in domestic violence with his family members; may exhaust the savings of the family, which can negatively affect the education of his children, and the children of alcoholic fathers will have strained relationship with their family members, which can affect their psychological wellbeing [5,6]. The economic impact of alcohol consumption plays a major role in families belonging to lower socioeconomic strata.7It was found that alcohol-dependent persons spent more money than they earned, they were forced to take loans to spend for their expenses related to alcohol consumption, on an average, 12.2 working days were lost to the habit and around 60% of the families were financially supported by the income from other family members [8][9][10]. Although the prohibition of alcohol use is encouraged in the constitution of India, alcohol policy is a state subject. States are having full control of alcoholrelated legislation, excise rates, and the production, distribution, and sale of alcohol [7, 11,12]. Alcohol has been known to produce toxic effects in almost Every organ system in the body, many of these medical conditions can be attributed to the direct toxic effect of alcohol and its metabolites, whereas others are indirect sequelae that may result from nutritional deficiency particularly thiamine [11][12].
Physiological dependence on alcohol is indicated by evidence of tolerance and symptom of withdrawal.
Alcohol consumption causes various problems related to different body systems. The main systems which are affected by this are gastrointestinal system, genitourinary system, and muscular system [13][14][15][16]. Neurological and psychiatric complication of alcohol dependence is extremely common and affect every level of neuraxis including Brain-

Results
This study was conducted in 100 alcohol-dependent cases to quantify various neurological disorders in them. In this study, all participants were Males. The patients are from different age groups, 70 (70%) patients were from the age group of 21 to 40 years, 21% of patients were in the 41-50 age group, and  [20]. The majority (74%) of patients had heavy alcohol consumption (score of [10][11][12] while 26% had moderate alcohol consumption (score 4-8), and there was a positive correlation Between the severity of alcohol intake and frequency neurological disorders. (r = 0.447, p <0.001 is highly significant) ( Table 2).

Discussions
The present study was conducted in 100 alcohol- Economic group which constitutes major parts of admission in our hospital, also socio-cultural factors inhibit them from reporting this in the hospital. All most all studies showed similar results [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] [Crossref]